Copestylum (Phalacromya) bolivianum (Hine, 1914)

Volucella boliviana Hine, 1914: 338

Volucella soukupii Vimmer & Soukup, 1938: 29

Volucella arica Fluke, 1950b: 450

Type locality and data. “La Paz, Bolivia ” (T, ♀, OHSU) .

Material examined. Arica y Parinacota: 1♂, Putre, 23.XII.1952, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; 5♂, 3♀ Belén, Leg. L.E. Peña (IEUMCE); Tarapacá: 1♀, Miñe-Miñe, 15.II.1948, Leg. J . Herrera & M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♀, Cancosa, 26.IX.1951, Leg. NN (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, 2♀, Mamiña, 16.XI.1964, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; Parca, 30.VII.1951 (Etcheverry 1952); 1♂, Cerro Collacahua, 23.IX.1951, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Noasa, 24.IX.1951, Leg. NN (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Río Seco, 18.XI.1952, Leg. NN (IEUMCE) ; Antofagasta: 1♂, 6♀, Incaliri, 15.XII.1966, Leg. J . Herrera (IEUMCE); 2♀, Linzor, 14.XII.1966, Leg. M Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; 3♂, 4♀, Silala, 15.XII.1966, Leg. J . Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Toconce, 11.XII.1966, Leg. J . Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♀, Quebrada Toconce, 4.XII.1959, Leg. NN (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, 3♀, Geiser del Tatio, 4.XII.1959, Leg. NN (IEUMCE) ; 5♂, 5♀, Guatín, 11.XII.1966, Leg. J . Herrera & Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, 1♀, Socaire, 07.XII.1966, Leg. J. Her- rera (IEUMCE) .

References. Hine, 1914: 338 (desc.); Curran, 1930c: 413 (desc.); Vimmer & Soukup, 1938: 29 (desc.); Fluke, 1950b: 450, figs 14–16 (desc.); Etcheverry, 1951: 357 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1952: 309 (cat.); Fluke, 1957: 59 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1963: 95 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1970: 96 (cat.); Thompson et al., 1976: 72 (cat.).

World distribution. Bolivia, Peru and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Arica y Parinacota to Antofagasta region (Fig. 146).

Altitudinal range. This species mainly inhabits highland ecosystems between 2,700 and 4,200 m.a.s.l.

Biology and notes. Copestylum bolivianum is associated with native flora from the Andes highlands in the Puna. The species Volucella arica included in the catalog of Etcheverry (1963) is currently a junior synonym of C. bolivianum in the Systema Dipterorum (Thompson & Pape 2010). Mining and water exploitation could be the major threats to this species. Nothing is known about the biology of this species.

Conservation status. LC; EOO = 55,351 km 2, AOO = 64 km 2 and 15 localities (or subpopulations).