Allograpta pulchra Shannon, 1927

Fig. 167

Allograpta pulchra bifasciata Enderlein, 1938: 221 *

Allograpta pulchra nigribucca Enderlein, 1938: 222 *

Allograpta pulchra shannoni Enderlein, 1938: 222 *

Type locality and data. “ Anglo, Chile ” (HT, ♂, USNM) .

Material examined. Atacama: 1♂, Paipote, 15-18.X.1969, Leg. L.E. Peña (MEUC) ; Coquimbo: 11♂, 5♀, El Pangue, 2. XI.1961, Leg. L. Peña (CNC); 1♀, Puerto Oscuro, 23.X.1961, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 13♂, San Pedro de Quile, 8 km North, 16.XI.1961, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 2♂, 3♀, El Naranjo, Tilama, X.1968, Leg. J. Molina (MEUC) ; 19♂, 16♀, Ovalle, 1.VIII.1960, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 4♂, 2♀, Estero Canela, 24.X.1961, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; Valparaíso: 1♂, Algarrobo, 9.II.1985, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Quillota, La Palma, 5.II.1970, Leg. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Guardia Vieja, 15.I.1973, Leg. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Caleu, TilTil, 10.X.1993, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, La Dormida, 29.I.1982, Leg. Cerda (MNHNCL); Metropolitana: 1♀, Cuesta Barriga, 15.XI.1960, Leg. Boyes (CNC) ; 1♂, 1♀, Curacaví, 15.XI.1970, Leg. J.W. Boyes (CNC) ; 4♂, 1♀, Cerro San Cristóbal, 15.XI.1970, Leg. J. W. Boyes (CNC) ; 7♀, El Canelo, I.1953, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 2♀, Puente Río Colorado, 13.XI.1970, Leg. Boyes (CNC) ; 1♂, Calera de Tango, 21.IV.1962, Leg. Ignaco Osses (MNHNCL) ; O’Higgins: 1♀, La Cruz, no date, Leg. NN (SAG); Maule: 1♂, Bullileo, Linares, 15.XII.1960, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 1♀, Estero La Jaula, I.1964, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 1♂, 5♀, El Coigo, Curicó, 1.II.1960, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 1♂, 3♀, Villa Alegre, Linares, 5.XII.1960, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 3♀, Tregualemu, 12.XII.1953, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; Ñuble: 1♀, Puente Comadres, Chillán, 20.I.1993, Leg. S. Roitman (MNHNCL) ; Biobío: 2♀, Caramavida, 10.II.1953, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; 2♀, Pillim Pilli, Arauco, 18.I.1954, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; La Araucanía: 1♂, 2♀, El Manzano, 30km W of Angol, 8–9.XII.1972, Leg. L.E. Peña (MEUC) ; 1♂, Parque Nacional Contulmo, 23.I.1996, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Termas de Tolhuaca, 15.I.1959, Leg. L. Peña (CNC) ; Los Ríos: 2♀, Santo Domingo, 29.I.1978, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH) ; 1♂, 3♀, Valdivia, 17.I.1982, Leg. E. Kramer (UACH) ; 2♀, Chan Chan, 27.I.1980, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH) ; 1♀, Paillaco, 12.XI.1970, Leg. J. W. Boyes (CNC) ; Los Lagos: 2♂, 2♀, Caulín, Chacao, Chiloé (Smith-Ramírez et al. 2005; CSD) .

References. Shannon, 1927: 25 (desc.); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 133, figs 24b, 24b’ & 25b (desc.); Curran, 1936: 12 (key); Enderlein, 1938: 221 (desc.); Fluke, 1942: 15, fig. 51 (desc. & key); Stuardo, 1946: 123 (cat.); Fluke, 1956: 210 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1963: 13 (cat.); Rojas, 1966: 175 (cat. of predators of aphids); Boyes et al., 1973: 371 (karyotypes); Thompson et al., 1976: 37 (cat.); Zúñiga et al., 1986: 480 (predators of aphids); González & Coscarón, 2005: 347 (distr.); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005: 412 (pollinator study); Mengual et al., 2009: 15 (distr.); López et al., 2012: 14 (key); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2014: 6 (ecological study, supplementary material).

World distribution. Argentina and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Atacama to Los Lagos region (Fig. 170).

Altitudinal range. From coastal to highland ecosystems (5– 3,000 m.a.s.l.).

Biology and notes. Allograpta pulchra is a hemysinanthropic species that could be used as biological control and has been recorded in several ecosystems. It has been mentioned as a predator of Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) in hazelnuts (Aguilera & Pacheco 1995) and other aphid species (Rojas 1966). Smith-Ramírez et al. (2005) have recorded this species on Amomyrtus meli, G. avellana, Luma apiculata, Myrceugenia ovata var. ovata, Myrceugenia parvifolia (DC.) Kausel and T. stipularis . This flower fly species has also been observed visiting flowers of B. rapa (Gabriela Germain, CSP record); Colletia hystrix (Orlando Montes, CSP record); L. maritima (Gabriela Germain, CSP record); Orizoë sp. (Daniel Llavaneras, CSP record) and Q. saponaria (César Martínez, CSP record).

Conservation status. LC; EOO = 230,768 km 2, AOO = 144 km 2, 31 subpopulations and 32 localities.