Syrphus octomaculatus Walker, 1836

Figs 201–202

Syrphus octomaculatus Walker, 1836: 344

Syrphus gayi Macquart, 1842: 90

Syrphus testaceicornis Macquart, 1850: 457

Syrphus poecilogaster Philippi, 1865: 746

Syrphus patagonus Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 115

Type locality and data. “ Chile ” (T, ♀, BMNH) .

Material examined. Tarapacá: 1♂, MiñeMiñe, no date, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Pampa del Tamarugal, Pozo Almonte, no date, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; Antofagasta: 1♂, Laguna Miscanti, 15.XII.1997, Leg. Castillo (MZUC) ; Coquimbo: 1♀, La Serena, 8.I.1957, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE); 1♂, Quilimari, 24.X.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; Valparaíso: 1♀, Caleta Higuerillas, ConCon, 14.X.1963, Leg. N. Hichens (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Playa Ancha, 11.XII.1963, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Quinta Vergara, 8.III.1964, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Quebrada El Salto, 24.VIII.1965, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL); 1♂, El Granizo, 9.XII.1963, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL); 1♂, Limache, 18.IX.1963, Leg. Maldonado (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Quebrada verde, 30.VIII.1963, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Parque Peñuelas, 27.V.1964, Leg. D. Lanfranco (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, ConCon, 5.V.1964, Leg. N. Hichins (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Olmué IX.1975, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Villa Alemana, 8.X.1961, Leg. Solervicens (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Cuesta el Melón, 27.XII.1977, Leg. D. Cerda (MNHNCL); 1♂, Cerro La Campana, 8.X.1967, Leg. C. Vivar (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, El Canelillo, 23.X.1965, Leg. Pino (IEUMCE); Metropolitana: Cuesta Lo Prado (Boyes et al., 1973) ; 1♂, Rungue, no date, Leg. S. Sansotta (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, TilTil, Caleu 18.IX.1962, Leg. Castillo (MZUC) ; 1♂, Cerro Renca, 19.X.1952, Leg. Orellana (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, El Arrayán, XII.1956, Leg. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Cerro San Cristóbal, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Agua del Chancho, Las Condes, 27.VIII.1980, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, La Reina, 1.XII.1951, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); Peñalolen, II.1955, Leg. Montero (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Macul, 1.V.1952, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; 2♂, 1♀, La Obra, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, El Canelo, 8.XI.1947, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC) ; 1♂, Isla de Maipo, no date, Leg. H. Toro (IEUMCE); 1♂, El Volcán, 1.II.1951, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE); 1♂, Rinconada de Maipú, 26.IV.1967, Leg. N. Hichins (MEUC) ; 1♂, Quebrada de la Plata, 03.XI.1967; Leg. N. Hichins (MEUC); Maule: 1♀, Alto Vilches, 21.I.1976, Leg. G. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Los Cipreses, 1.XII.1951, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Bullileo, XII.1959, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 9♂, 6♀, Fundo Malcho, 1.XII.1956, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC) ; surround Los Queules National Reserve (Lander et al. 2009); Ñuble : 1♂, Chillán, 1.VIII.1959, Leg. NN (MZUC) ; Las Trancas, 1.II.1956, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Termas de Chillán, II.1965, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; Biobío: 1♀, Caramavida, 6.I.1954, Leg. L.E. Peña (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Pemehue, 19.I.1946, Leg. G. Kuschel (MNHNCL) ; La Araucanía: 1♂, Parque Cabrería, Nahuelbuta, 11.I.1978, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta, 1.X.1978, Leg. P. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Pichinahuel, 10.XII.1956, Leg. L.E. Peña (IEUMCE) ; 2♂, Angol, 26.VIII.1941, Leg. J. Dandel (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Contulmo, no date, Leg. M. Etcheverry & J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 2♀, Cerro Ñielol, Temuco, II.1954, Leg. R. Isla (MZUC) ; 1♂, Temuco, 18.XII.1970, Leg. Castillo (MZUC) ; 1♂, 1♀, Termas de Rio Blanco, 19.II.1954, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC) ; 1♂, Toltén, 11.I.1955, Leg. H. Toro (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Termas de Palguin, Leg. Etcheverry (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Lican Ray, 17.XI.1986, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; Los Ríos: 1♀, Valdivia, 22.VI.1966, Leg. Wagenknecht (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Cocule, 6.III.1952, Leg. NN (MNHNCL) ; Isla Mancera (Porter 1927a); Los Lagos : 1♂, Aduana Pajaritos, Puyehue, 7.XI.1978, Leg. Camousseight (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Parque Nacional Puyehue, 7–10.II.1993, Leg. G. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Puerto Octay, 19.I.1956, Leg. Castillo (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Saltos del Petrohue, 29.I.1996, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Peulla, Puerto Varas, 14.XII.1969, Leg. M. Etcheverry (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Lago Chapo, 28.II.1983, Leg. Arriagada (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Guabun, no date, Leg. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Ancud, 16.II.1964, Leg. J. Herrera (IEUMCE) ; 1♀, Dalcahue, 15.II.1957, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC) ; Aysén: 1♂, Puerto Cisnes, 8.I.1967, Leg. Zapata (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Puerto Aysén, 3.I.1967, Leg. Montes (IEUMCE) ; Magallanes: 1♂, Chabunco, 22.I.1952, Leg. M. Cerda

(MNHNCL); 11♀, Laguna Amarga, 20.XI.1960, Leg. L.E. Peña (CNC) ; 1♂, Estancia Guayrabo, 23.XI.1979, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Ojo Bueno, 11.X.1974, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Ruhens, 3.XI.1969, Leg. L.E. Peña (MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Punta Arenas, 18.XI.1979, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Estero Maria, 25.I.1952, Leg. Barrientos (IEUMCE) ; 1♂, Punta delgada, 28.XI.1968, Leg. Cerda (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Isla Riesco, 11.X.1968, Leg. NN (MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Rio Pérez, 7.XII.1976, Leg. NN (MNHNCL) .

References. Walker, 1836: 344 (desc.); Macquart, 1842: 150, fig. 8 (head) (desc.); Macquart, 1850: 457, fig. 12 (head) (desc.); Blanchard, 1852: 409 (desc.); Blanchard, 1852, plate 3, fig. 9 (ill.); Philippi, 1865: 746 (des. poecilogaster species); Williston, 1886: 311 (cat.); Reed, 1888: 299 (cat.); Lynch Arribálzaga, 1892: 114 (cat.); Kertész, 1910: 115 (cat.); Porter, 1897a: 22 (cat.); Hine, 1914: 337 (cat. & dist.); Porter, 1927b: 122 (cat.); Shannon, 1927: 29 (desc.); Porter, 1932: 190 (cat. & notes); Pirión, 1933: 89 (notes); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 125 (desc.); Ruiz & Stuardo, 1935: 318 (natural history); Fluke, 1942: 3, fig. 1 (abdomen); Stuardo, 1946: 122 (cat.); Fluke, 1956: 197 (cat.); Rojas, 1966: 175 (cat. of predators of aphids); Boyes et al., 1973: 371 (karyotypes); Etcheverry, 1963: 83 (cat.); Thompson et al., 1976: 8 (cat.); Zúñiga et al., 1986: 480 (predators of aphids); Thompson et al., 2000: 40 (key); González & Coscarón, 2005: 347 (distr.); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005: 412 (pollinator study); Lander et al., 2009: 408 (pollinator study); Wakeham-Dawson et al., 2009: 68 (cat.); Carvallo et al., 2013: 480 (pollinator study); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2014: 7 (ecological study, supplementary material); Montoya, 2016: 479 (cat.).

World distribution. Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Tarapacá to Magallanes region (Fig. 205).

Altitudinal range. From coastal to highland ecosystems (2–4,140 m.a.s.l.).

Biology and notes. Syrphus octomaculatus is a widely distributed species that has been collected visiting flowers of native trees such as G. keule (Lander et al., 2009), Myrceugenia planipes, T. stipularis (Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005) and the exotic species Echium vulgare L. (Carvallo et al. 2013). This flower fly species also visits flowers of Anisomeria littoralis (Poepp. & Endl.) Moq. (Camilo Colilaf, CSP record) and Baccharis sp. (Matías Cortés, CSP record); L. triloba, P. chilensis and Prunus sp. (Orlando Montes, CSP records); L. caustica (César Martínez, CSP record); Pasithea caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don (Jorge Vera, CSP record); R. ulmifolius (Ricardo Huenuanca, CSP record); R. raphanistrum (Azul de Zafiro and Edgardo Flores, CSP records); Rosa eglanteria L. (María Rojas Gómez-Lobo, CSP record) and Sophora macrocarpa Sm (Francisco Espinoza, CSP record).

Conservation status. LC; EOO = 1,168,494 km 2, AOO = 320 km 2, 59 subpopulations and 71 localities.