Key to Male Conostigmus from the Nearctic Region

Distribution Maps of Nearctic species: Figures 5, 6, 7, 8

1. Pronotum elongate, pronotum longer than mesoscutum along midline (prn; Figs. 31A, B).................................................................................... C. muesebecki (Ecnomothorax) Dessart & Masner, 1965

- Pronotum not elongate, pronotum shorter than mesoscutum along midline (prn; Figs. 9A; 14A, C; 19B).................2.

2. Median mesoscutal sulcus absent or terminating anterior to the transscutal articulation (Fig. 21B).................................................................................................. C. dimidiatus (Thomson, 1858)

- Median mesoscutal sulcus present and complete, terminating adjacent to the transscutal articulation (mms; Figs. 14A, C; 25A, B).................................................................................................3.

3. Ventral metapleural area with transverse striations (trs; Figs. 47B; 63B, C)........................................4.

- Ventral metapleural area without transverse striations (Figs. 9C; 39A; 57).........................................5.

4. Ventral metapleural area with transverse striations only on dorsal half (trs; Fig. 47B); median process on intertorular carina present and blunt (mip; Fig. 60B); facial sulcus impression absent (Fig. 22); proximal margin of S9 without submedial projections (Fig. 10F); harpe bilobed (Fig. 48B); harpe with sparse lateral setae (Figs. 48A, C).... C. triangularis (Thomson, 1858)

- Ventral metapleural area with transverse striations on dorsal and ventral halves (trs; Figs. 63B, C); median process on intertorular carina absent (Fig. 82B); facial sulcus impression sometimes present (for complete facial sulcus, see fs; Fig. 9B); proximal margin of S9 with submedial projections (sbm; Fig. 64D); harpe simple (Fig. 64B); harpe with dense lateral setae, evenly distributed across entire lateral surface (Figs. 64A, C)........................................ C. lepus Trietsch sp. nov.

5. Head shape distinctly square in anterior view (on males and females) (Fig. 43D); F9 the longest male flagellomere (Fig. 43B)................................................................. C. quadratogenalis Dessart & Cooper, 1975

- Head shape circular or triangular in anterior view (Figs. 17B; 18B; 22; 49B; 66C); F9 not the longest male flagellomere (Figs. 16; 51; 78)...........................................................................................6.

6. Facial sulcus present and complete, extending from intertorular carina to anterior ocellus (fs; Figs. 9B; 79B).............7.

- Facial sulcus absent or incomplete, not connecting intertorular carina to anterior ocellus (absent in Figs. 17B; 18B; 22; 49B; 66C)...............................................................................................9.

7. Harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view (Fig. 80B); harpe not spoon-shaped or spatulate (Figs. 80A, B, C); gonostyle–vol-sella complex with dorsomedian projection (dmp; Fig. 80C)........................... C. rosemaryae Trietsch sp. nov.

- Harpe longer than gonostipes in lateral view (Fig. 10C); harpe spoon-shaped or spatulate (Figs. 10A, B; 42A, B); gonostylevolsella complex without dorsomedian projection (Fig. 42B)...................................................8.

8. Parossiculi with 1–3 apical setae (prs; Fig. 10B); harpe straight, oriented medially (Figs. 10A, B, D, E)........................................................................................... C. abdominalis (Boheman, 1832)

- Parossiculi with 4 or more apical setae (prs; Fig. 42A); harpe twisted, oriented dorsally or dorsomedially (Fig. 42 AB; most visible when looking at base of right harpe in Fig. 42B)................................ C. pulchellus Whittaker, 1930

9. Mesopostscutellum present (mpm; Figs. 47B; 73A).........................................................10.

- Mesopostscutellum absent (Figs. 19A; 21A; 43A; 82A)......................................................12.

10. Dorsomedian projection of the gonostyle–volsella complex present and bilobed (dmp; Fig. 74C); head 1.3× wider than mesosoma (PscW×2) (Fig. 73B);...................................................... C. muratorei Trietsch sp. nov.

- Dorsomedian projection of the gonostyle–volsella complex absent (Figs. 37C; 56C); head less than 1.3× as wide as mesosoma (PscW×2) (Figs. 36A; 55B)............................................................................11.

11. Proximodorsal notch of cupula present and U-shaped, longer than wide (pdn; Figs. 56A, C); parossiculi with one apical seta (prs; Fig. 56A); proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex shape acute (Fig. 56C).................................................................................... C. duncani Trietsch sp. nov.

- Proximodorsal notch of cupula present and U-shaped, wider than long (pdn; Figs. 37A, C); parossiculi with 2–3 apical setae (Figs. 37A, C); proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex shape blunt (Fig. 37C)...................................................................................... C. orcasensis (Brues), 1909

12. Sternaulus present (ste; Figs. 9A; 34B; 70A)...............................................................18.

- Sternaulus absent (Figs. 24; 32A; 60A; 66A)..............................................................13.

13. Wings absent or reduced, never extending past the mesoscutellum (Figs. 24A, B; 25A, B); OOL:POL ratio less than 0.8 (Figs. 25A, B).................................................................. C. erythrothorax (Ashmead, 1893)

- Wings present and macropterous (Figs. 65; 78; 82); OOL:POL ratio greater than 0.8 (Figs. 60B; 66B; 68B).............14.

14. Harpe equal to or longer than gonostipes in lateral view (Fig. 67B)..................... C. longiharpes Trietsch sp. nov.

- Harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view (Figs. 33D; 83B)................................................15.

15. Occipital carina complete (see oc; Fig 1B in Mikó and Deans (2009)); widest point of harpe between proximal 1/3rd and 2/3rds (Fig. 61B).............................................................. C. johnsoni Trietsch & Mikó sp. nov.

- Occipital carina incomplete; widest point of harpe at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex (Figs. 33D; 69B; 83B)..............................................................................................16.

16. Preoccipital lunula present (pou; Fig. 47c); preoccipital furrow present and crenulate (pof; Fig. 66B)..................17.

- Preoccipital lunula absent (Fig. 68B); preoccipital furrow present or absent, but if present, then appearing as a faint impression, never crenulate (Fig. 68B)........................................................ C. michaeli Trietsch sp. nov.

17. Median process on intertorular carina present and blunt (mip; Fig. 60B); head with rugose sculpture throughout (Fig. 32B); anterior half of mesosoma lighter in coloration than posterior half (Figs. 32A, B).............. C. nigrorufus Dessart, 1997

- Median process on intertorular carina absent (Fig. 82B); head without rugose sculpture (Fig. 82B); anterior and posterior half of mesosoma concolorous (Figs. 81; 82A, B)....................................... C. washburni Trietsch sp. nov.

18. Sternaulus not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus on winged specimens (no wingless specimens known) (ste; Fig. 34A); medioventral conjunctiva present (parossiculi independent or fused proximally) (Figs. 23A; 26A; 37A); cupula with proximodorsal notch present, arched (inverted U-shape), and longer than wide (pdn; Figs. 37A, C).............................................................................................. C. obscurus (Thomson, 1858)

- Sternaulus exceeding 3/4 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus in winged specimens (ste; Fig. 70A); medioventral conjunctiva absent (parossiculi fused) (Figs. 29A; 71A; 77A); cupula with proximodorsal notch present or absent, can be arched (inverted U-shape) if present, but never longer than wide (pdn; Fig. 37A)........................................19.

19. Proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex acute (Fig. 53C; see Methods for explanation of this character); scape more than 5.5× as long as the pedicel in macropterous specimens (no wingless specimens known) (Fig. 52A)......................................... C. dessarti Trietsch & Mikó sp. nov. (no wingless specimens known)

- Proximal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle–volsella complex blunt or straight; scape less than 5.5× as long as pedicel in macropterous specimens (Fig. 28A).............................................................20.

20. Gonossiculi with one spine more than 2× as long as the others (gsn; Fig 59B); gonostyle–volsella complex with medioventral ridge present (mgv; Figs. 29A; 59A).....................................................................21.

- Gonossiculi not with one spine more than 2× as long as the others (spines of similar lengths) (gsn; Fig. 71B); gonostyle–volsella complex with medioventral ridge absent (Fig. 71A)............................. C. minimus Trietsch & Mikó sp. nov.

21. Distoventral edge of harpe with dense patch of setae (dps; Fig. 59A)............................................22.

- Distoventral edge of harpe without dense patch of setae (Figs. 29A, B).................... C. laeviceps (Ashmead, 1893)

22. Axillular carinae present (axc; Fig. 76B)..................................... C. musettiae Trietsch & Mikó sp. nov.

- Axillular carinae absent (Figs. 14A, C)...................................................................23.

23. Harpe curved and sickle-shaped in lateral view (distoventral margin of harpe concave in lateral view) (Figs. 15D, E, F); wings macropterous (Fig. 13A) or brachypterous (Figs. 13B; 14A, B, C); syntergite sometimes with paired blue iridescent ovals (Fig. 14C)......................................................................... C. bipunctatus Kieffer, 1907

- Harpe simple, not curved and sickle-shaped in lateral view (distoventral margin of harpe convex in lateral view) (Fig. 59B); wings always macropterous (Fig. 57); syntergite without paired blue iridescent ovals... C. franzinii Trietsch & Mikó sp. nov.