5. Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. Figs 12, 13, Map 4

Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 538. 1939.

Guatteria brevipes DC. in Dunal, Monogr. Annonac.: 126. 1817.

Type.

FRENCH GUIANA, without location Martin s.n. (lectotype: G! [designated in Pirie, Kankainen & Maas, 2005], isotypes: BM, K! (uncertain whether this specimens represents an isotype) [K000485530]).

Cremastosperma poiteaui (Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 328. 1931.

Guatteria poiteaui Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 74. 1931.

Type.

FRENCH GUIANA, without location, 1819-1821, Poiteau, A. s.n. (holotype: G! [G00237255 G00237256]; isotypes: B! [B 10 0242372], F! [F932330], S! [S-R-7016]).

Description.

Tree 4-20 m tall, 3-20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs to 0.2 mm long. Leaves: petioles 4 –9(– 12) by 1.5-4 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 18-39 by 7-15 cm (index 2-3.5), chartaceous, brown/green with a reddish tinge on both sides (particularly on the veins on the underside), darker above, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 9-15, intersecondary veins 0-2, distance between from 5-10 mm at the base to 35 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45-60° at the base to 55-70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-3 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of 2, on leafless twigs; peduncles 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 2-5 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish ca. 0.1 mm long hairs; pedicels 15-20 by 1-2 mm at the base (in flower), 18-23 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long or glabrous; 2 lower bracts, deltate, basal to 0.2 mm long, apical 0.3-0.5 mm long, obtuse, mostly persistent, rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; upper bract mostly attached midway along pedicel, deltate to broadly ovate, 1-2 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or emarginate, sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers green, sometimes tinged with red around margins of petals or creamy yellow in vivo, reddish or dark brown in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals connate for 0.5-1 mm, broadly ovate, recurved, rarely appressed, 3-4[-5] by 3.5-5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic, 12-22 by 7-12 mm, rounded, inner petals narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 10-24 by 4-7 mm, obtuse; androecium ca. 6 mm diam.; stamens 1.4-1.6 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.7 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam.; carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps 7-17, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 11-17 by 9-11 mm, green maturing to red, reddish-brown, dark purple or black in vivo, blackish or reddish-brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red in vivo, 7-14 by 1-1.5(3) mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4-8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds broadly ellipsoid to globose, yellowish or orange-brown, slightly pitted, ca. 8 by 7-8 mm, raphe raised within a sunken groove, somewhat irregular.

Distribution.

French Guiana, region of Saül and Nouragues.

Habitat and Ecology.

Primary moist forest. At elevations of 200-800 m. Flowering: February, March, May and October; fruiting: May - October, December and January.

Vernacular names.

French Guiana: Apélému (Wayapi; Grenand 1509, Jacqemin 2349), Maman yawé ( Créole; Moretti 12).

Notes.

Cremastosperma brevipes is the only species of the genus found in the Guianas. The leaves, when dried, have a characteristic reddish tinge (particularly on the underside). This species is similar to C. venezuelanum, but differing in particular by the acuminate as opposed to acute or obtuse leaf apex of C. venezuelanum, smaller sepals and monocarps and shorter stipes. Its use as fish bait has been reported. As of many Annonaceae, the bark of C. brevipes has been described as aromatic: on collection of Riera 668, a peppery smell is reported.

Preliminary conservation status.

C. brevipes has been collected regularly, occurring over a fairly wide area, including the protected area of Les Nouragues. Least concern [LC] (Table 1).

Selected Specimens Examined

. FRENCH GUIANA Rivière Arataye, Saut Pararé, 4°02'N, 52°42'W, 3 Dec 1985, Barrier 5166 (CAY, L, P, U); Saül, Mont Galbao, 3°36'N, 53°16'W, 525-700 m a.s.l., 11 Sep 1994, Boom 10812 (CAY, NY, U); Mont Inéri, 4°22'N, 52°10'W, 10 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1997, Cremers 15331 (U); Trésor Reserve, Creek 4, middle part, 4°35'N, 52°16'W, Ek et al. 1615 (U); Régina, Montagne Tortue, 4°18'N, 52°22'W, 200-450 m a.s.l., 17 Jun 1988, Feuillet et al. 10239 (U); Piste de Saint-Elie, 5°20'N, 53°00'W, 29 Nov 1987, De Granville 10176 (CAY, P, U, US); Approuague, 4°28'N, 52°02'W, 28 Jul 1997, Hequet 432 (P, U); Pedra Alice, River Oiapoque, 3°40'N, 52°01'W, 17 Sep 1960, Irwin et al. 47562 (NY, U); Route de Bélizon, Les Eaux Claires-Saül, 3°37'N, 53°12'W, 200 m a.s.l., 9 Feb 1993, Maas et al. 8064 (MO, U); Saül, Piste de Galbao, 4°36'89"N, 54°16'25"W, 28 Aug 2003, Munzinger & Heuret 1818 (P); Crique Cacao, 2°20'N, 53°12'W, 2 May 1987, Prévost & Sabatier 2284 (CAY, U); Montagne de Kaw, 4°33'N, 52°10'W, 21 Feb 1998, Prévost 3446 (NY, U); Les Nouragues, 4°03'N, 52°42'W, 8 Oct 1992, Riera 1564 (P); Les Nouragues, basin of River Approuague, 4°04'57"N, 52°40'39"W, 89-140 m a.s.l., Oct 2001, Scharf 76 (U).