Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Yellowfin barbel; None

Taxonomy. Original description: Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843a: 1053 [63] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54786 (1), 54841 (10), 91215 (1, dry)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Levin et al. (2012: 544).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 4, fig. 1).

Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Gruvel (1931); confirmed by Beckman (1962: 114) as Barbus xanthopterus .—Syrian material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Euphrates and Tigris rivers.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh & Khabour, 2-Euphrates & Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris river systems (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits large lowland rivers, lakes, and marshes. Also in reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing rivers to spawn. Spawns on gravel substrate in the shallows of large rivers in water depths of 30–150 cm. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: VU (IUCN 2023).—Threats: HAB, CON, ABS, EUT.—High sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—High priority for conservation action.