Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) [N]—Tigris scraper; Kallar

Taxonomy. Original description: Scaphiodon umbla Heckel, 1843a: 1060 [70] [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 55932-33 (1, 1), 79373-74 (1, 1, both dry); SMF 6777 (1, dry)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2016: 36).—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 5, fig. 3); Zareian & Esmaeili (2017: fig. 24, NMW 55933, and fig. 25 live specimen).

Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Beckman (1962: 149) as Varicorhinus umbla .—Syrian material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria:?Euphrates and Tigris river basins.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh & Khabour, 2-Euphrates & Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Iran, Iraq, and Turkey).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of all kinds of permanent waterbodies, at least seasonally, with gravel or running water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: ABS, CON, EUT, FIT, HAB.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.