Sepsis cynipsea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Material: Switzerland: AG:Habsburg, 450 m, 15.iii.2004, 22.iii.2004, 5.iv.2004, 21.vi.2004, 12.vii.2004, 19.vii.2004, 26.vii.2004, 9.viii.2004, 16.viii.2004, 23.viii. 2004, 30.viii.2004, 6.ix.2004, 14.ix.2004, 20.ix.2004, 27.ix.2004 (all leg. Wermelinger); Sarmenstorf, 550 m, 22.iii.2004, 29.iii.2004, 5.vii.2004, 12.vii.2004, 19.vii.2004, 26.vii.2004, 2.viii.2004, 16.viii.2004, 23.viii.2004, 30.viii.2004, 9.ix. 2004, 14.ix.2004 (all leg. Wermelinger); Schlossrued, 600 m, 2001, 2004, 2005 (all leg. Duelli); Vordemwald, 480 m, 2001 (leg. Duelli); Wettingen, 420 m, 29.vii.1999; Wohlen, 470 m, 21.v.2011; Würenlingen, 420 m, 20.vii.1996, 25.vii.1990, 27.vii.2001, 7.viii.1998, 31.viii.1999; Würenlingen/alter Steinbruch, 420 m, 15.viii.1991; Würenlingen/Firsthalde, 420 m, 13.v.1998. BE:Beatenberg, 1470 m, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006 (all leg. Duelli); Biel, 450 m, 27.–31.vii. 1973; Guttannen, 1000 m, 6.viii.1999; Ligerz, 450 m, 29.v.2010; Rümligen, 540 m, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005 (all leg. Duelli); Ruppoldsried, 500 m, iv.–x.1987 (leg. Duelli). BL:Bubendorf, 25.–31.v.2000, 8.–15.vi.2000, 22.–29.vi.2000, 6.–13.vii. 2000, 13.–20.vii.2000, 20.–27.vii.2000, 27.vii.–3.viii.2000, 3.–10.viii.2000, 17.– 24.viii.2000, 24.–31.viii.2000, 31.viii.–7.ix.2000 (all leg. Wolf). FR:Courlevon, 600 m, 2001, 2004, 2005 (all leg. Duelli); Nuvilly, 650 m, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 (all leg. Duelli). GE:Bernex/Chantemerle, 420 m, 7.viii.2000 (leg. Merz & Bächli); Bernex/Signal, 510 m, 8.viii.2000 (leg. Merz &Bächli); Bernex/Tuilières, 420 m, 12.viii.2000; Cartigny/Moulin de Vert, 350 m, 9.viii.2000 (leg. Merz & Bächli); Chancy/La Laire, 350 m, 7.viii.2000 (leg. Merz & Bächli); Russin/Biolay, 360 m, 9.viii.2000 (leg. Merz &Bächli). GL:Klöntal, 850 m, 11.–14.ix.1974; Schwändital, 1250 m, 2000 (leg. Duelli); Vorauen, 800 m, 4.–8.viii.1991, 20.vii. 1995. GR:Ardez, 1400 m, 6.viii.1996 (leg. Merz &Bächli); Davos, 2540 m, 2006 (leg. Duelli); Dischmatal, 1600 m, 1.–15.vi.1991, 1.–15.vi.1992, 16.–30.vi.1990, 16.–30.vi.1991, 16.–31.vii.1990, 16.–31.vii.1991, 1.–16.viii.1990, 1.–27.viii.1992 (all leg. Brodmann); Lantsch, 1460 m, 2001 (leg. Duelli); Lenzerheide, 1520 m, 8.viii.1998, 11.–14.viii.1988; Nationalpark, 2000 m, 2001 (leg. Duelli); Santa Maria/Müstair/Craistas, 1800 m, 26.vi.2015, 30.vi.2013; Santa Maria/Müstair/Val Vau, 1700 m, 29.vi.2013; Savognin, 1360 m, 17.–20.viii.1988; Susch/Fortezza, 1500 m, 7.viii.1996 (leg. Merz &Bächli); Tschierv, 1700 m, 27.vi.2015; Tschlin, 1500 m, 25.vi.2004. JU:Delémont, 500 m, 2.–6.viii.1974; La Chaux-des-Breuleux, 1000 m, 28.vi.2001. LU:Dierikon, 550 m, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 (all leg. Duelli); Luzern, 550 m, 10.vi.2006 (leg. Sattler); Ruswil, 800 m, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005 (all leg. Duelli); Sursee, 500 m, 13.vi.2004. NE:Ponts-de-Martel, 1000 m, 20.vi.–19.x.1974 (leg. Greber); St. Blaise/Les Rièdes, 500 m, 19.v.2001. SG:Schänis, 700 m, 2005 (leg. Duelli). SH:Merishausen, 540 m, 19.viii.1992. SO:Balmberg, 1050 m, 18.viii.1992; Messen, 500 m. 22.iii.2004, 29.iii.2004, 5.iv.2004, 13.iv.2004, 1.vi.2004, 26.vii.2004, 2.viii.2004, 30.viii.2004, 6.ix.2004, 14.ix.2004 (all leg. Wermelinger); Mariastein, 350 m, 21.–25.vii.1973; Weissenstein, 1000 m, 25.vi.2006. SZ:Alptal, 1150 m, 2005 (leg. Duelli); Biberbrugg, 1000 m, 25.vi.2011; Holzegg, 1440 m, 19.–21.viii.1975. TG:Roggwil, 420 m, 2000, 2004 (all leg. Duelli); Weiningen/Ochsenfurt, 450 m, 29.v.99. TI:Acquacalda, 1800 m, 22.– 24.vi.2001; Robiei, 1900 m, 4.–5.vii.2008. UR:Furkapass, 2400 m, 23.vii.2012, 24.vii.2012). VD:Changins, 430 m, 2001, 2005 (all leg. Duelli); La Dôle, 1500 m, 26.vii.2004. VS:Baltschieder, 690 m, 17.v.1996 (leg. Merz &Bächli); Grône/Poutafontana, 500 m, 1.vii.2001; Guttet, 1500 m, 1.vii.2001; Jeizinen, 1500 m, 26.vi. 1999, 10.viii.2013, 2000 m, 3.vii.2001; Leuk, 700 m, 23.viii.–2.ix.1977; Leuk/Brentjong, 1000 m, 25.vi.1999; Morgins/Portes du Soleil, 1800 m, 27.vii. 2004); Mund/Finnen, 1400 m, 21.vi.2014; Oberwald, 1820 m, 13.–15.viii.1975; Pfynwald, 580 m, 25.vi.1999; Visperterminen, 1400 m, 21.vii.1998 (leg. Merz & Bächli). ZG:Steinhausen, 500 m, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006 (all leg. Duelli). ZH:Bachs, 500 m, 13.–15.v.1988 (leg. Haigis); Dietikon, 390 m, 6.vi.2015, 20.vii.1989, 27.vii.1989, 22.viii.1991, 6.–9.ix.1974; Marthalen/Niderholz, 370 m, 17.iv.2006 (leg. Frei); Rafz, 420 m, 2001, 2004 (all leg. Duelli); Uitikon, 540 m, 2000, 2001, 2005 (all leg. Duelli), Unterengstringen, 540 m, 15.ix.1977; Wettswil/Oelerde, 650 m, 26.vi.2011; Zürich, 450 m, 14.–16.ix.1973; Zürich/Hönggerberg, 520 m, 15.–19.vii.1989.

Bosnia/Herzegovina:Dobro Polje, 1100 m, 25.–28.vii.1984. Czech Republic: Borova Lada, 900 m, 26.viii.1998. Liechtenstein:Ruggell, 430 m, 8.viii.1998. France:Haute-Savoie, Salève/Observatoire, 1250 m, 10.viii.2000 (leg. Merz & Bächli); Fontainebleau, 120 m, 22.–28.viii.1957 (leg. Burla). Montenegro:Durmitor, 1500 m, 30.vii.–5.viii.1988. Romania:Calmani, 1700 m, 28.vii.1978; Cimpulung, 600 m, 6.vi.1984, 3.viii.1980; Cimpulung, 700 m, 18.vii.1982, 29.viii.1980; Cometu, 1.iv.1981; Mestecani, 1200 m, 18.viii.1981; P. Stampei, 1000 m, 7.viii.1978; Val. Dolnei, 800 m, 18.v.1978, 26.v.1980, 1000 m, 26.vii.1978; Varna, 1100 m, 11.x.1984 (all leg. Ceianu). Slovakia:Bratislava/Abrod Nature Reserve, 150 m, 1.ix.1990. Serbia:Popovica, 500 m, 1.–3.viii.1980.

Distribution:Palaearctic (Ozerov 2005).

Comments: S. cynipsea is by far the most commonly collected species in Switzerland (Rohner et al. 2014, 2015). It occurs in great numbers on cow pastures throughout the season. Adults are attracted to fresh cow dung in particular. S. cynipsea has been widely used as model organism in evolutionary ecology and life history evolution, and is to date the best studied sepsid species (Blanckenhorn 1997, 1999; Blanckenhorn et al. 2000).