Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876

(Figs 8–13)

Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876: 22 . Java.

? Branchiotrema nitidulum Tömösváry, 1885: 26, Table 3, figs. 19, 20. Borneo, Matang [Sarawak].

Otostigma spinosum: Haase, 1887: 71, Taf. 4, fig. 70 a–d*. Java; Sumatra.

Otostigma spinosum ab hirtipes Haase, 1887: 71, Taf. 4, fig. 71 a–c. Java; Sumatra.

Otostigma spinosum: Pocock, 1891: 414 . Burma.

Otostigmus spinosus: Pocock, 1894: 312 . Java.

Otostigmus spinosus: Kraepelin, 1903: 116, fig. 53.

Otostigmus spinosus: Kraepelin, 1904: 247 . Java; Algeria. (the latter is highly improbable).

Otostigmus (O.) spinosus: Attems, 1930a: 152, fig. 182.

Otostigmus spinosus: Attems, 1930c: 118 . Sumatra.

Otostigmus spinosus: Verhoeff, 1937: 212 . Malacca [Peninsular Malaysia]; Singapore.

Otostigmus spinosus: Chamberlin, 1939: 3 . Sumatra.

Otostigmus spinosus: Chamberlin, 1944: 1 . Java, Sunda Strait, Sebesi Island;

nec Otostigmus (O.) spinosus: Lewis, 1982: 365, figs 25–31. Sarawak.

nec Otostigmus (O.) spinosus: Lewis, 1984: 37, fig. 3.15. Sarawak.

Otostimus spinosus: Lewis, 1991: 340, figs 11–14. Krakatau; Sumatra.

Otostigmus spinosus: Khanna, 1994: 467 . India, Meghalaya (Also gives Sulawesi and New Guinea but I am unable to find the original references to these).

Otostigmus spinosus: Lewis, 2001:37, figs 75–78. Java.

Otostigmus spinosus: Khanna, 2001: 206 . India, Sikkim and West Bengal.

Diagnosis. (Based on the material described here and data from Krakatau (Lewis, 1991)). Antennomeres (17, 18, 19) 20 (21, 22), the basal 2.5–2.66 (3) glabrous dorsally. Forcipular coxosternum with 4 +4 (3+3) main teeth, typically the inner three on each side partially fused, the outer somewhat separated. Tergites without keels or spines. Paramedian sutures occupying anterior 17% to 33% of mid and posterior sternites. Sternite 21 with sides converging posteriorly. Coxopleuron typically with two apical and one subapical spine, one lateral and one dorsal spine or two apical spines, two lateral spines and one dorsal spine. Ultimate leg prefemora with four rows of spines. Legs 1 to (3), 4, 5, or 6 with two tarsal spurs the subsequent, including the ultimate, with one. Leg 20 with a dorsal apical prefemoral spine.

Type material examined. SMNH. Holotype. Labelled Otostigmus spinosus Por. Java 1872 . Mellerborg. Determ. C. O. v. Porat.

Description. Length 45 mm. Antennomeres left 20 [r], right 17 [d], the basal 2.5 glabrous on left, dorsal setae on antennomeres 3 to 6 on right have been rubbed off.

Forcipular coxosternum with four main teeth on each tooth plate. The three median, of which the central is the largest, partially fused and separated from the outer. A small subsidiary lateral tooth and a median one on the left (fig. 8). Process of forcipular trochanteroprefemur with two low inner teeth.

Tergites with paramedian sutures complete from 5, marginate from 9, without keels or spinules, but with weak lateral corrugations from 10. Tergite 21 with posterior median depression.

Sternite paramedian sutures occupying anterior 25% on posterior sternites, not visible on anterior sternites. Sternite 21 posteriorly attenuated with hind border concave (fig. 9). Coxopleural process with two apical and one subapical spine, one lateral, one or two dorsal spines. Ultimate legs wanting (Porat gave prefemoral spines as VL 5, VM 3, M 5, DM 3, CS 1 and a tarsal spur).

Leg 1 with one femoral spur, legs 1 and 2 with one tibial, legs 1 to 5 with two tarsal spurs, 6 to 20 with one. Leg 20 with dorsal apical spine on prefemur.

Other material. SMNH. Four of seven specimens, labelled Otostigmus spinosus Haase (sic), 40, 28, 35 and 30 mm, Java, Colleg. E. Nyman. Determ. Kraepelin. One spm 25 mm labelled Otostigmus spinosum Por. Java, Tjisalak nagra Plabokan (Sydkust). Colleg Hj Möller. Determ. Attems. One spm 34 mm and three adolescens (not examined), labelled Otostigmus spinosum Java Boya, mars 1897, Colleg Hj Möller Determ. Attems.

NMHL. Three specimens 52, 36 and 31 mm labelled Otostigmus hirtipes Haase Typen 534 Cat no 66. Ambarava --- (illegible). 4 spms 52, 36, 36 and 35 mm labelled Otostigmus hirtipes Haase 544 cat no 67, v Hassell, Lampongs --- (illegible). Ambavara is in Java, the Lampong district in Sumatra. One specimen from Ambarava atypically with 5+5 main teeth (fig. 10).

BMNH. Two specimens 43 and 36mm labelled Otost. spinosus Haase. S. Tenasserim, Oates 89.7.15.27. [Burma]. One with 3+3 main coxosternal teeth, one with 3+4. In the larger of the two Tenasserim specimens the coxopleural process is abnormally narrow (fig. 11) in the other it is short (fig. 12).

Remarks. Haase (1887) described the first two antennomeres as glabrous; Kraepelin (1903) stated that the first two and two-thirds or three were. For this reason it may also be included in the politus group. In fact in most specimens the first 2.5 to 2.66 are glabrous. The most distal spine of the medial spine row on the prefemur of the ultimate leg is sometimes very close to the corner spine such that the latter may appear to be two of the latter (fig.13). Very rarely, the dorsal spine on the coxopleuron may be absent as in a specimen from Java (Lewis, 2001). Verhoeff (1937) noted of specimens from Malaysia and Singapore that the spine on the prefemur of leg 20 was sometimes absent and that there could be up to 25 antennomeres.

Distribution. Eastern India; Burma; Peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Krakatau).