Landouria rotatoria (Pfeiffer, 1842)

Figs 5, 12–14, 16, 30, 54; Tables 3–4

Helix rotatoria Pfeiffer 1842: 38 (“ Java ”).

Plectotropis leucomphala Möllendorff, 1897: 66 (“ Java ”; more exactly (Zilch 1966): “W-Java: Gunung Gedeh (4000′)”).

Plectotropis leucomphala f. subfasciata Möllendorff, 1897: 67 (“ Java ”; more exactly (Zilch 1966): “W-Java: Gunung Gedeh (3000′) ”).

Plectotropis leucomphala f. castanea Möllendorff, 1897: 67 (“ Java ”; more exactly (Zilch 1966): “W-Java: Gunung Salak”).

Helix rotatoria – von dem Busch in Philippi 1842 in 1842–1845: 10, pl. I.4, fig. 5. — Pfeiffer 1851 in 1849–1853: pl. 95, figs 3–5; 1852 in 1849–1853: 163.

Helix (Plectotropis) rotatoria – Boettger 1890: 144 . — Martens 1892: 234. — Wiegmann 1893: 166, pl. 12, figs 11–14.

Landouria rotatoria – van Benthem Jutting 1950: 461 (in part). — Zilch 1966: 294, pl. 7, figs 3–5 (in part).

Diagnosis

Landouria rotatoria is characterized by a large, depressed conical, keeled shell, a penis with a small globular bulge at the proximal end and an externally smooth, longish lemon-shaped flagellum.

Material examined

Type material

INDONESIA – West Java • neotype of Helix rotatoria (designated here) (det. anat.); Bogor, Blok kancil, Gunung Salak, Halimun Salak National Park; 6°44′42″ S, 106°42′46″ E; 1166 m a.s.l.; 17 Jun. 2015; A.S. Nurinsiyah, I. Fauziah, T. Setiadi and Y. Prasetio leg.; measurements: D = 17.0 mm, H = 9.5 mm; MZB 19205 • holotype of Plectotropis leucomphala f. castanea; Gunung Salak; 6°44′ S, 106°42′ E; SMF 8916 • holotype of Plectotropis leucomphala f. subfasciata; Gunung Gede; 6°47′ S, 106°59′ E; ca 900 m a.s.l.; SMF 8914 • holotype of Plectotropis leucomphala; Gunung Gede; 6°47′ S, 106°59′ E; ca 1200 m a.s.l.; SMF 8912 .

Other material

INDONESIA • 4 spec.; Java; SMF 24221 • 3 spec.; same data as for preceding; ZMB 47683 • 3 spec.; same data as for preceding; ZMB 47684 • 1 spec., same data as for preceding; ZMH 17719 • 5 spec.; same data as for preceding; ZMH 17720 • 4 spec.; same data as for preceding; ZMH 17721 • 3 spec.; same data as for preceding; ZMH 17722. – West Java • 2 spec. (vouchers for van Benthem Jutting 1950); Gora S of Bogor; RMNH 309846 • 7 spec. (vouchers for Boettger 1890); Bogor, Gunung Salak; 6°44′ S, 106°42′ E; SMF 8917 • 3 spec. (vouchers for Boettger 1890); same data as for preceding; SMF 24200 • 4 spec. (vouchers for Boettger 1890); same data as for preceding; SMF 24204 • 2 spec. (vouchers for Boettger 1890); same data as for preceding; ZMA 407645 • 4 spec. (vouchers for van Benthem Jutting 1950); Bogor, Situ Gunung, S slope of Mt Gede, forest; 6°50′ S, 106°55′ E; 1000 m a.s.l.; ZMA 407632 • 6 spec.; Gunung Gede; 6°47′ S, 106°59′ E; ZMA 407630 • 2 spec.; same data as for preceding; ZMA 407690 • 9 spec.; Gunung Gede; 6°47′ S, 106°59′ E; ca 900 m a.s.l.; SMF 8915 • 16 spec.; Gunung Gede; 6°47′ S, 106°59′ E; ca 1200 m a.s.l.; SMF 89136 • 3 spec.; Gunung Gede; 6°47′ S, 106°59′ E; ca 1500 m a.s.l.; ZMB 46035 .

Description

SHELL (Figs 5, 12–14; Tables 3–4). Depressed conical, with 5.75–6.5 slightly convex whorls; protoconch almost smooth; teleoconch with fine, irregular wrinkles; apical side with indistinct incised spiral lines, umbilical side with more distinct spiral lines; scaly processes sparse, mainly at periphery; tuberculate around umbilicus; brown or brownish-corneous; body whorl keeled; aperture rounded rhombic; upper insertion of peristome descending; peristome expanded, reflexed and slightly thickened; umbilicus slightly eccentric, wide, comprising 24–32% of shell diameter, hardly obscured by columellar edge.

GENITALIA (Figs 16, 30; Table 4). Atrium short; penis long, distal part cylindrical, with a small globular bulge at proximal end, without penis coecum; membranaceous sheath around distal part of penis connected with epiphallus by tissue; penial retractor runs from diaphragm to proximal part of cylindrical epiphallus; flagellum moderately long, very broad, without node, tapering at its proximal end; vas deferens narrow and long; vagina long; oviduct long, very broad, proximally tapering; peduncle of bursa copulatrix subdivided into a globular distal part, a proximally tapering middle part and a narrower and longer proximal part, ending in an elongate oval bursa beside albumen gland. Right ommatophoral retractor runs between penis and vagina.

Remarks

The name Helix rotatoria goes back to von dem Busch and is often cited with von dem Busch (in Philippi 1842 in 1842–1845: 10, pl. I.4, fig. 5) as author. However, von dem Busch cited Pfeiffer (1842), who made the name available first (see also remarks under L. winteriana). Pfeiffer (1842) described the species based on specimens from von dem Busch and specimens he got from Winter. The material from Winter was in Pfeiffer’s own collection (Pfeiffer 1852 in 1849–1853), which was destroyed during the Second World War (see L. winteriana). A part of the collection of von dem Busch is kept in the Geosciences Collection of the University of Bremen. However, we could not locate type specimens of H. rotatoria in this collection or in other museums (e.g., SMF, ZMH). Thus, a neotype must be designated to clarify the taxonomic status and the type locality of H. rotatoria .

According to the original description of Pfeiffer (1842), H. rotatoria is a brown, sharply keeled, large species with a diameter of 16 mm. There are several sharply keeled species in Java and some reach a diameter of 16 mm. The figures of Pfeiffer (1851 in 1849–1853: pl. 95, figs 3–5) show a specimen with a rather high spire (D/H ratio 1.82). The species that best fits the figure occurs on Gunung Salak and Gunung Gede south of Bogor in West Java (compare the shell of the holotype of P. leucomphala Moellendorff, 1897 (Fig. 12) with Pfeiffer 1851 in 1849–1853: pl. 95, figs 3–5). Thus, we designate an anatomically examined specimen from Gunung Salak in West Java (MZB 19205; Fig. 5) as the neotype of Helix rotatoria Pfeiffer, 1842 .

The same species was later described by Möllendorff (1897) as Plectotropis leucomphala with two colour varieties, P. leucomphala f. subfasciata and P. leucomphala f. castanea. Plectotropis leucomphala was synonymized with L. rotatoria by van Benthem Jutting (1950).

Landouria rotatoria differs from L. winteriana (Figs 2–3), which also occurs on Gunung Salak, and from L. epiplatia (Figs 26–28, 31), which also occurs on Gunung Gede, in the larger, more intensively brownish coloured shell and an externally smooth, longish, lemon-shaped flagellum.

Distribution

Landouria rotatoria is endemic to Gunung Salak and Gunung Gede south of Bogor in West Java (Fig. 54). It has also been recorded from other Sunda Islands, as well as the Philippines (Martens 1867; Rensch 1932, 1934; van Benthem Jutting 1941, 1950; Vermeulen & Whitten 1998), but these records refer to other species.