113 Euura fuscomaculata (Förster, 1854)

Figs 126, 347, 348

Nematus fuscomaculatus Förster, 1854a: 291–292 . Lectotype designated below.

Nematus strongylogaster Cameron, 1878: 42–43 . Syntypes ♀♀ (BMNH?), not examined. Type locality: United Kingdom, Scotland, Kilsyth Glen and Cannisburn. Synonymy by Konow (1903c).

Pteronus dossuarius Konow, 1904a: 262 . Lectotype designated below. Synonymy by Lindqvist (1944b).

Nematus (Pteronidea) carelicus Hellén, 1948: 114–115 . Syn. nov.

Pteronidea winteri Lindqvist, 1958: 114–115 . Syn. nov.

Diagnosis

Based on its COI barcode sequence(closest to E. fuscomaculata ZMUO. 040288and DEI-GISHym31250) and morphology of the holotype of winteri, we have synonymized it with E. fuscomaculata . The holotype of carelicus is almost destroyed, but Viitasaari & Vikberg (1985) considered it to be conspecific with winteri and therefore we treat it also as synonym of E. fuscomaculata . In addition, the original description of carelicus seems to fall within the variability of E. fuscomaculata . The male paratype http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3467 also fits well with E. fuscomaculata .

Based on nuclear genes, E. fuscomaculata can be divided into two or three clusters, composed of southern and northern specimens, but these are morphologically not clearly distinguishable. At least some of the northern specimens must have fed on Salix instead of Populus (absent in most of the localities where they have been collected).

Female

Head extensively or slightly pale around eyes (inner orbits continuously pale and outer orbits pale only dorsally or both inner and outer orbits pale only dorsally); labrum and clypeus pale; supraclypeal area slightly or extensively pale; thorax black (rarely slightly pale like DEI-GISHym13870 or extensively pale like the lectotype of dossuarius Konow ?); pronotum and tegula pale; pterostigma pale; metafemur pale; metatibia pale with black apex; hind tarsus black or brown; abdomen dorsally nearly completely black, ventrally extensively pale; mesepisternum smooth; lancet with (16?)17–18 serrulae; antennae usually as long as costa and pterostigma.

Male

Head extensively pale around eyes to nearly completely black; labrum and clypeus pale; supraclypeal area black (usually?); thorax black; pronotum and tegula extensively pale; pterostigma pale; metafemur pale; metatibia pale with black apex; hind tarsus black or brown; abdomen dorsally nearly completely black, ventrally mostly black to extensively pale; sternum 9 pale; antennae not reaching beyond apex of pterostigma.

Type material examined

Lectotype Nematus fuscomaculatus, here designated

GERMANY – Nordrhein-Westfalen • ♀; Aachen area; 50.77° N, 6.09° E; ZSM, GBIF-GISHym3287.

Lectotype Pteronus dossuarius, here designated

RUSSIA – Yakutia • ♀; Ust‘-Vilyuyskiy Khrebet; 64.48° N, 126.31° E; B. Poppius leg.; SDEI, GBIFGISHym3852.

Holotype Nematus (Pteronidea) carelicus

RUSSIA – Karelia • ♀; Petrosavodsk; 61.78° N, 34.32° E; 1 Jun. 1943; W. Hellén leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3501.

Notes

The holotype is almost destroyed: only three wings, two legs and about a third of the sclerites of the thorax remain.

Holotype Pteronidea winteri

FINLAND – Uusimaa • ♀; Helsinki, Munksnäs [Munkkiniemi]; 60.22° N, 24.89° E; 19 Jun. 1955; O. Winter leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.3468.

Notes

The nearly complete lancets on the card pinned with the specimen must belong to another specimen, because the holotype still has half of its saw. Saw on the card has 15–16 serrulae, and is indistinguishable from the holotype of Pteronidea stramineipes .

Host plants

Populus tremula L., but possibly also Salix spp. in the North if specimens from there are conspecific.

Genetics

COI

Based on 19 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 2.43% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 1.06%, is Euura monticola .

Nuclear

Based on 13 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 1.24% (0.65% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.53%, is Euura parviserrata .

Distribution and material examined

Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Austria, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Norway, Russia, and Sweden.