246 Euura berolinensis (Muche, 1970)

Figs 273, 501

Pachynematus berolinensis Muche, 1970b: 105–107 .

Amauronematus clypeatus Lindqvist, 1975: 16–17 . Secondary homonym of Pachynematus clypeatus Marlatt, 1896 [= Euura clypeata (Marlatt, 1896)]. Syn. nov.

Amauronematus kevoensis Vikberg, 1980: 21–23 . Synonymy by Taeger & Blank (1998).

Diagnosis

Its brown pterostigma, rather long and narrow valvula 3 in dorsal view and lancet distinguish the females from the others in the “ Amauronematus ” group. Lancet is most similar to E. lindqvisti ( aegra group) and E. ampla ( toeniata group). Euura ampla has darker pterostigma (black) and is generally darker (mostly black with whitish markings) than E. berolinensis (usually with extensive yellowish or reddish markings). Setae of the lancet in E. ampla are also shorter than in E. berolinensis . Euura lindqvisti is also usually darker than E. berolinensis, but also has a longer malar space (more than 1.4 times as long as diameter of front ocellus, less than 1.3 times in E. berolinensis). Penis valves (e.g., ventrally strongly curved valvura) can be reliably used to identify the males.

Type material examined

Holotype Pachynematus berolinensis

GERMANY – Berlin • ♂; Friedrichshagen; 52.45° N, 13.63° E; May 1964; H. Adam leg.; reared ex larva on Betula; SDEI, GBIF-GISHym3877.

Holotype Amauronematus clypeatus

RUSSIA – Baikal • ♀; Tjernorud; 22 May 1967; B.N. Verzhutskij leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/ GL.5125.

Holotype Amauronematus kevoensis

FINLAND – Inari Lapland • ♀; Kevo; 69.76° N, 27.01° E; 2 Jul. 1971; T. Kontuniemi leg.; emerged 10 May 1972 ex larva on Betula pubescens; MZH, PR.552VV.

Host plants

Betula pubescens and probably also at least B. pendula . One generation per year.

Genetics

COI

Based on 4 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 2.43% and the nearest neighbours, diverging by a minimum of 0%, are Euura punicea and E. ranini .

Nuclear

Based on 5 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 1% (0.32% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.68%, is Euura punicea .

Distribution and material examined

Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Finland, Germany, and Russia.