Carabus violaceus Linnaeus, 1758

Notes. For the present, the distribution of the subspecies of Carabus violaceus in Macedonia is unclear and requires further research.

Carabus violaceus azurescens Dejean, 1826 [= rilvensis Kolbe, 1887; skombrosensis Eidam, 1927; purkynei Štěrba, 1945]

References. Carabus violaceus n. Purkyněi: Šterba 1945: 152 (Belasica). Carabus violaceus n. rilvensis: Šterba 1945: 152 (Kožuf). Carabus violaceus azurescens n. rilvensis: Breuning 1978: 254. Carabus violaceus rilvensis: Mandl 1985: 115 (Kožuf, Belasica); Pavičević & Mesaroš 1997 (South-East Macedonia); Bousquet et al. 2003: 166; Turin et al. 2003: 57; Brajković et al. 2004: 3 (Belasica, Plachkovica, Kochani); Ćurčić et al. 2007: 115. Carabus violaceus ( azurescens) skombrosensis: Drovenik & Peks 1994: 14 (Osogovski Planini); Drovenik & Peks 1999: 17 (Osogovski Planini). Megodontus violaceus rilvensis: Rautenstrauch et al. 1994: 48 . Carabus violaceus azurescens: Guéorguiev 1998: 38 /39 (Osogovo: Ruen); Guéorguiev & Muilwijk 2001: 113 (Šar Planina); Guéorguiev 2007a: 306 (west & east Macedonia).

Material studied. “Prilep: Treskavec, 0 5.07.1968, J. Čingovski”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Osogovo: Ponikva, 22.05.1981, N. Topukova”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Berovo, 0 5.06.1981, J. Čingovski”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Belasica, 0 9.07.1986, N. Topukova”, 1 s. (MMNH).

Distribution. 0 2, 21, 48, 57, 83, 86, 92.

Notes. The form purkynei Štěrba, 1945 is treated as belonging to this subspecies (cf. Štěrba, 1945: 154).

Carabus violaceus dryas Gistl, 1857 [= shardaghensis Apfelbeck, 1918; bartoni Mařan, 1930; korabensis Csiki, 1944; marani Štěrba, 1945; peristericus Mandl, 1961]

References. Carabus violaceus rilvensis: Apfelbeck 1907a: 35 (Ljuboten); Apfelbeck 1907b: 502 (Ljuboten); Doflein 1921: 229; Roubal 1932d: 145 (Pelister); Doflajn 2010: 209. Carabus violaceus shardaghensis: Apfelbeck 1918c: 220 (Šar Planina and Golešnica loc. typ.); Apfelbeck, 1918: 76 (Šar Planina and Golešnica); Hristovski et al. 2002: 122 (Šar Planina: Ljuboten, Čaušica, Tri Vodi, Šarski Vodi, Lera); Hristovski et al. 2003: 54 (Bistra); Krpach et al. 2013: 36 (Mavrovo National Park). Carabus violaceus azurescens m. shardaghensis: Mařan 1939a: 141 (Golešnica, Pelister, Šar Planina and Kobilica, Korab, Jablanica); Breuning 1978: 254. Carabus violaceus azurescens n. bartoni: Mařan 1939a: 141 (Golešnica). Carabus violaceus var. shardaghensis: Csiki, 1944: 50 (Šar Planina) . Carabus violaceus korabensis: Csiki, 1944: 50 (Korab loc. typ.); Pavičević & Mesaroš (1997); Deuve 2004: 370 (Korab); Hristovski et al. 2010: 56 (Jablanica). Carabus violaceus mařani: Šterba 1945: 152 (Jablanica loc. typ., Pelister); Heinz 1978: 76 (Pelister); Heinz 1980: 15/16; Mandl 1985: 111 (Jablanica, Jakupica,: Solunska Glava, Golešnica, Galichica, Pelister, Šar Planina: Rudoka, Popova Šapka); Turin et al. 2003: 57 (Jablanica, Pelister). Carabus violaceus picenus peristericus: Mandl, 1961: 14/16 (Pelister loc. typ.). Carabus violaceus picenus peristericus: Mandl 1964: 32 (Pelister: Golemo Ezero). Megodontus picenus peristericus: Cleu 1968: 27 (Pelister, Bistra: Jama); Cleu 1969: 174 (Šar Planina, Pelister). Megodontus violaceus shardaghensis: Cleu 1968: 27 (Šar Planina, Bistra: Jama, Golešnica); Cleu 1969: 167 (Šar Planina, Korab, Bistra); Rautenstrauch et al. 1994: taf. 83 (Jakupica); Ćurčić et al. 2007: 116. Carabus violaceus ( picenus) peristericus: Heinz, 1978: 76 . Carabus violaceus azurescens: Hieke 1981: 75 (Šar Planina: Popova Šapka, Golešnica); Guéorguiev 1998: 38–39 (Šar Planina: Jelak, Studena River, Lešnica, Titov Vrv); Lazarevska & Mitkova 2000: 109 (Skopje: Belimbegovo); Guéorguiev & Muilwijk 2001: 113 (Šar Planina). Carabus violaceus ( azurescens) shardaghensis: Drovenik & Peks 1994: 17 (Šar planina); Drovenik & Peks 1999: 17 (Šar Planina: Ljuboten, Popova Šapka, Rudoka); Pavičević & Mesaroš 1997; Brajković et al. 2004: 3 (Kitka); Deuve 2004: 370 (Jakupica, Šar Planina). Carabus violaceus (bartoni) marani: Drovenik & Peks 1994: 14; Drovenik & Peks 1999: 17 (Jablanica, Golešnica, Jakupica: Solunska Glava, Galičica, Pelister, Šar Planina: Popova Šapka). Carabus violaceus: Hristovski et al. 1996: 52 (Šar Planina: Jelak, Ceripašina). Carabus ( picenus ?) violaceus korabensis: Guéorguiev 1998: 39 (Šar Planina: Studena River). Carabus picenus korabensis: Hristovski et al. 2003: 54 (Bistra) . Carabus violaceus bartoni: Turin et al. 2003: 57 (Belasica); Deuve 2004: 370 (Jablanica and Pelister). Carabus violaceus dryas: Turin et al. 2003: 57 (Šar Planina, Korab, Golešnica, Pelister); Bousquet et al. 2003: 165; Guéorguiev 2007a: 306 (west Macedonia); Mitev et al. 2010: 44 (Kožuf, Kozjak, Nidže). Carabus violaceus purpurascens: Krpach et al. 2013: 36 (Mavrovo National Park).

Material studied. “Jakupica: Begovo Pole, 12.09.1984, N. Topukova”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Šar Planina, 28.05.1985, B. Mihajlova”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Kitka, 28.06.1987, B. Mihajlova”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Mavrovo, 0 9.07.1991, T. Ivanovski”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Šar Planina: Popova Šapka, 14.08.1994, E. Stojkoska”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Pelister: Caparska Reka, 13.06.2002, V. Krpač”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Pelister: Golemo Ezero, 2218m, 15.06.2002, V. Krpač”, 1 s. (MMNH); “Jasen: Kopanje, 1350m, 0 7.07.2008, V. Krpač”, 1 s. (MMNH).

Distribution. 0 2, 0 3, 0 9, 19+19b, 32, 37, 19, 40, 48, 57.

Notes: Karaman (1956: 75) cited Carabus violaceus for Macedonia, without exact locality.