Euura pedunculi (Hartig, 1837)

Nematus pedunculi Hartig, 1837: 388 . Described: ♀, ♂, gall [mixed up with galls of E. venusta], recorded host: Saalweide [ Salix caprea]. Lectotype, ♀, designated by Kopelke (1991), ZSM [examined]. Type locality: Germany, near Berlin.

Pontania pedunculi: Konow (1890) .

Pontania (Pontania) pedunculi: Viitasaari & Vikberg (1985) .

Nematus (Pontania) pedunculi: Zhelochovtsev (1988) .

Pontania (Eupontania) pedunculi: Lacourt (1999) .

Eupontania pedunculi: Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006) .

Euura pedunculi: Prous et al. (2014) .

Nematus bellus Zaddach, 1876: Tafel III(6), 13. Text in Brischke (1884: 170–171). Described: ♀, ♂, gall, larva, recorded hosts: Salix aurita, S. capraea [sic!]. Type material thought to have been destroyed, with most of the rest of Brischke's collection (Blank & Taeger 1998) . Type locality: not stated, but probably East Prussia .

Pontania bella: Konow (1901a) .

Pontania (Eupontania) bella: Lacourt (1999) .

? Nematus baccarum Cameron, 1876d: 189 –190. Described: ♀, gall, recorded host: Salix cf. aurita . Syntypes probably lost: not located in BMNH. Type locality: Scotland, near Dunkeld. Tentative synonymy with Pontania pedunculi sensu Kopelke [= E. brevicornis] by Kopelke (1991), or with E. pedunculi by Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Nematus curticornis Cameron, 1885: 202 . Described: ♀. Syntypes not located in BMNH. Type locality: Scotland, Rannoch.

Pontania curticornis: Konow (1890) .

Pontania bella var. nigrescens Enslin, 1915: 360 . Described: ♀. Syntypes, ♀, ZSM [not examined]. Type locality: not stated. Synonymy with P. pedunculi by Taeger et al. (2010).

Pontania pusilla Lindqvist, 1964: 122 –124. Described: ♀, ♂. Holotype, ♀, FMNH [examined]. Type locality: Finland, Sundholmen Island (now part of Helsinki). Synonymy with P. pedunculi by Vikberg (1970), confirmed by Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Pontania gallarum: Kopelke 1991: 89; misidentification.

Notes on types and taxonomy. P. pusilla . Also examined: paratype ["Allotype"], 1♂, FMNH.

Variability. Female: Body length: 2.5–4.3mm. Supraclypeal area, upper outer and inner orbits pale, to black. Male: 2.8–3.7mm. Female and male: femora usually entirely pale, but may be extensively fuscous in northern specimens. Total number of specimens examined: 17.

Genetic data. In BOLD COI barcoding, nearest neighbours are viminalis, and at a different position but also differing by about 1.9%, the nearly undifferentiated aggregation of numerous viminalis subgroup taxa that includes, for example saliciscinereae and nivalis . Thus, the short BOLD sequence for pedunculi appears to be sufficiently distinctive to identify this species. However, only the first sample under the name pedunculi in Fig. 1 ( E. pedunculi / S. caprea, next to E. viminalis) apparently has this haplotype. The other three samples included in Fig. 1 under the name pedunculi are problematic, and were possibly misidentified.

Bionomics. Host plants: Salix aurita, S. caprea, S. starkeana starkeana, S. starkeana cinerascens (Vikberg & Zinovjev 2006), S. silesiaca (Beneš 2015a), S. caprea × phylicifolia (Hjältén et al. 2000) . Biology: Hartley (1998), Kokkonen (2000), Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006).

Distribution. Through most of Europe north to Inari Lapland in Finland, and East to Yakutia, Magadan and Sakhalin (Vikberg & Zinovjev 2006). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; probably throughout Sweden (Coulianos & Holmåsen 1991) north to Luleå Lappmark (Jokkmokk; Julin 1936). Material examined: Skåne, Västerbotten, Luleå Lappmark (Gällivare).