olivaceus (DeGeer)

Vespa olivacea DeGeer, 1773: 582, pl. 29 Fig. 9 - “Amérique” (? Stockholm).

Vespa hebraea Fabricius, 1787: 292 - “in India orientali” (København). - Gmelin, 1790: 2756. - Olivier, 1792: 690. - Fabricius, 1793: 274; 1804: 273. - Jurine, 1807: 169. - Liu, 1937: 211 (syn. of P. olivaceus DeGeer). - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list).

Vespa undata Olivier, 1792: 684 - “Indes orientales” (type depository unknown). - de Saussure, 1853: 54 (syn. of P. hebraeus). - Dalla Torre, 1904: 70 (syn. of P. hebraeus).

Vespa macaensis Fabricius, 1793: 259 - “in Macao Indiae” (London). - Jurine, 1807: 169. - de Saussure, 1853: 54 (syn. of P. hebraeus). - Dalla Torre, 1904: 70 (syn. of P. hebraeus). - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list).

Polistes macaensis; Fabricius, 1804: 272. - Cameron, 1887: 263 (Tahiti). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 131 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1912b: 44 (syn.: P. hebraea). - Bequaert, 1918: 346 (Zanzibar; Mauritius; cat.). - Snell & Tams, 1920: 289 (Rodrigues). - Liu, 1937: 210 (cat.). - Bequaert, 1938: 132 (key), 137. - Yoshikawa, 1962: 30 (list).

Polistes hebraea; Fabricius, 1804: 273. - Lamarck, 1817: 90. - Lepeletier, 1836: 525. - de Saussure, 1853: 53 ( hebraeus; syns.: macaensis Fabricius, undata Olivier; Mauritius). - Smith, 1857: 101 ( hebraeus; cat.). - Horne, 1870: 170. - Smith, 1871: 380 (distr.). - Gerstaecker, 1873: 324 (Seychelles). - Smith, 1873: 197 ( hebraeus). - Rothney, 1877: 92. - Smith, 1879: 534 ( hebraeus; Rodrigues). - de Saussure, 1890: 143 (key), 144, Fig. D ( hebraeus; Madagascar; Réunion; Mauritius). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 130 ( hebraeus; cat.); 1904: 70 ( hebraeus; cat.). - Cameron, 1907: 71 ( hebraeus). - MeadeWaldo, 1912b: 44 (syn. of P. macaensis). - Dover, 1929: 47 ( hebraeus; Malaysia); 1931 [1930]: 259 (distr.).

? Polistes flavipennis de Saussure, 1853: 52, female - “Le cap de Bonne-Espérance” (Paris). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 26 (list). - Carpenter, 1996b: 5 (? syn. of olivaceus (DeGeer); 1999: 25 (note on type; possible syn. of olivaceus (DeGeer)) .

Polistes olivaceus; de Saussure, 1853: 102 (species dubiae). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 133 (cat.); 1904: 72 (species dubiae). - Liu, 1937: 211 (olivaceous [!]; syn.: hebraea Fabricius; cat.). - Bequaert, 1938: 132 (key), 145 (Seychelles; Madagascar; Mauritius; Rodrigues). - Bequaert & Yasumatsu, 1939: 314 (Marianas). - Sonan, 1943: 467, 477 (olivaceous [!]). - Giordani Soika, 1957: 483 (Oman). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 33 (list). - van der Vecht, 1968a: 97 (in subgenus Megapolistes; syns.: hebraeus Fabricius, undatus Olivier, macaensis Fabricius). - Giordani Soika, 1974 [1972]: 70. - Richards, 1973: 86, 99 (in subgenus Megapolistes); 1978: 523 (redescription); 1978: 7 (key), 13 (in subgenus Megapolistes; nest from the Seychelles; redescription; Qld.). - Harris, 1979: 41-44 (New Zealand). - van der Vecht, 1979: 30 (Nepal). - Yamane & Yamane, 1979: 5, 27, 32 (key; Kalimantan; Philippines; Sri Lanka). - Yamane & Okazawa, 1981: 65, Fig. 1 (larva). - Das & Gupta, 1984 [1983]: 407 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Cardale, 1985: 210 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Das & Gupta, 1989: 51 (key), 52, Figs 15i–j, 15l, 16d, 16f–g, 16k–l. - Madl, 1995: 1100 (Sainte Marie). - Carpenter, 1996a: 53 (in subgenus Megapolistes); 1996b: 5 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; list). - Wenzel, 1998: 25, Fig. 15C (nest). - Kojima, 1998: 15, 212, Figs 39–46 (larva). - Gusenleitner, 2006: 679 (India). - Kuhlmann, 2006: 29 (Cook Is.). - Carpenter & Madl, 2009: 1902 (cat.). - Beggs et al., 2011: 514 (questionable in Australia and New Zealand). - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 136 (list). - Tan et al., 2014: 381 (key), 386, Fig. 19 (China). - Santos et al., 2015: Figs 1–8, 9 (phylogenetic relationships). - Dorji et al., 2016: 130 (Bhutan). - Rafi et al., 2017: 19 (Pakistan; list). - Nguyen et al., 2018: Figs 1–3 (phylogenetic relationships). - Nguyen & Carpenter, 2019: 55 (Vietnam), 62 (key), Figs 4–6. - Carpenter & Gadallah, 2020: 211 (list). - Rahmani et al., 2020: 65 (Iran; list). - Gawas et al., 2020: 46 (India; cat.). - Somavilla et al., 2021: Figs 1–3 (phylogenetic relationships).

Polistes hebraeus var. macaensis; Dover, 1926: 234 (Hong Kong).

Vespa cohabitatrix Curtiss, 1938: 156, male, female - [French Polynesia] “At Tautira” (type destroyed). NEW SYNONYMY.

Distribution: introduced into Brisbane (1946, 1953), possibly temporarily established; introduced into New Zealand (1921, 1978) but not established; native distribution is Asia and Indo-Pacific islands.