Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto, 1996 Figs 49D-F, 51, 52

Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto, 1996: 32; Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 300 (key), 374; Beenen 2010: 453 (catalogue); Lee and Cheng 2010: 124 (redescription); Xue and Yang 2010: 130 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 121 (catalogue).

Types.

Holotype ♀ (SEHU, by original designation): "Nanshanchi (南山溪) / Nantou, Taiwan / 7,12.VII.1983 / H. Takizawa [p, w] // Pyrrhalta [h] / Det. H. Takizawa [p, w] / Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta takizawai / Kimoto, n. sp. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p, w] // HOLOTYPE [p, r] // 00000000154 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] [p, w]". Paratype. 1♀ (KMNH): "Nanshanchi / Nantou, Taiwan [p] / 25.VIII [h] 1983 / K. Ra [p, w] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta takizawai / Kimoto, n. sp. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p, w] // PARATYPE [p, b] // PHOTO [p, r]".

Other material.

Taiwan. Hsinchu: 1♂ (TARI), Feifengshan (飛鳳山), 5.III.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), Kuanhsi (關西), 21.VI.2009, leg. W.-T. Liu ; 4♂, 8♀ (TARI), same locality, 24.VII.2010, leg. H. Lee; 2♂, 1♀ (TARI), Peitelaman (北德拉曼), 26.VI.2008, leg. H. Lee ; 1♂ (TARI), Shihlu trail (石鹿古道), 23.VIII.2014, leg. Y.-L. Lin ; 1♀ (TARI), Talu trail (大鹿林道), 26.VIII.2012, leg. Y.-L. Lin ; 1♂ (TARI), Wufeng (五峰), 17.III.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♂ (TARI), Tahunshan (大混山), 1.III.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; Ilan: 2 ♂ (JBCB, NMPC), 20 km N of Ilan city, 2.VI.2008, leg. F. & L. Kantner ; Pingtung: 1♂ (TARI), Lilungshan (里龍山), 9.IV.2013, leg. J.-C. Chen ; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 24.III.2014, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 1♂ (TARI), same but with “23.III.2016”; 1♂ (TARI), Neiwen (內文), 12.IV.2013, leg. B.-X. Guo; 1♂ (TARI), Shouka (壽卡), 26.IV.2013, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with “13.VI.2013”; 1♀ (TARI), Shuangliu (雙流), 12.IV.2008, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 10♂, 7♀ (TARI), same but with “25.IV.2018”; 1♀ (TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 18.VII.2007, leg. S.-F. Yu; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 6.VIII.2016, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 1♂ (TARI), Tungyuan (東源), 19.II.2007, leg. S.-F. Yu ; Taipei: 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), Chiachiuliao (加九寮), 26.IV.2008, leg. H. Lee ; 1♂ (TARI), Fushan (福山), 17.VI.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), Pinglin (坪林), 17.VII.2010, leg. Y.-L. Lin ; 4♂, 2♀ (TARI), Taipei Zoo, 6.VII.2006, leg. Y.-C. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with “20.X.2006”; 3♀ (TARI), same locality, 10.II.2007, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 2♂, 2♀ (TARI), same but with “24.V.2007”; 1♂ (TARI), same but with “27.VI.2007”; 2♂, 2♀ (TARI), same but with “19.I.2008”; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 24.V.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsao ; 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 10.VII.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee; 4♂ (TARI), Takouhsi (大溝溪), 29.IV.2020, leg. L. Huang ; 1♀ (TARI), Yuanshan (鳶山), 22.VIII.2014, leg. S.-F. Yu ; Taoyuan: 2♂, 4♀ (TARI), Hsuanyuan (萱源), 21-23.IV.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), Lalashan (拉拉山), 4.V.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), Yongfu (永福), 16.IV.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 7♂, 4♀ (TARI), same but with “4.VI.2011”; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with “14.III.2015” .

Redescription.

Length 10.4-12.3 mm, width 4.3-5.4 mm. Body dark brown or blackish brown (Fig. 49D-F); antennae, tibiae, tarsi, and apices of femora black; teneral individuals with body yellowish brown. Eyes extremely small, interocular space 2.85-3.42 × diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig. 51A; length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.9: 1.8: 2.0: 2.3: 2.0: 2.0: 2.1: 2.1: 2.0: 1.8: 2.6; similar in females (Fig. 51B), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.9: 1.7: 1.8: 2.3: 2.0: 2.1: 2.2: 2.2: 2.0: 2.0: 3.1. Pronotum and elytra convex. Pronotum 1.9-2.0 × broader than long, disc smooth; and with extremely dense, coarse and fine punctures, and short pubescence; with median longitudinal and lateral depressions; lateral margins moderately rounded, widest at apical 1/3, apical and basal margins slightly concave; anterior and posterior setiferous punctures slightly erect. Elytra broad, parallel-sided, 1.6-1.7 × longer than wide; disc smooth, with dense, coarse punctures; and extremely dense short pubescence, some pubescence located between coarse punctures. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg absent, tarsomeres I of front and middle legs enlarged in males. Aedeagus (Fig. 51C, D) broad in dorsal view, 4.0 × longer than wide, broadest at apical 1/6, strongly narrowed from apical 1/6 to apex, apex narrowly rounded, gradually narrowed from apical 1/6 to base; symmetric; ostium covered by a membrane; strongly curved from apical 1/6 to base in lateral view, apex narrowly acute; no endophallic sclerites. Gonocoxae (Fig. 51E) connected at base, irregularly margined, with six to eight long setae near apex of each gonocoxa. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 51I) well sclerotized, apical margin moderately concave at middle, fringed with dense long and short setae; spiculum extremely short. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 51F) very swollen; pump extremely long and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V with deep notch at middle in males (Fig. 51H); shallow notch in females (Fig. 51G).

Remarks.

Adults of P. takizawai Kimoto are similar to those of P. igai Kimoto and P. meihuai sp. nov. in having large, brown bodies but differ by the sparse pubescence on the pronotum (vs. dense pubescence on pronotum in P. igai and P. meihuai sp. nov.), sparse, coarse punctures on elytra (vs. dense, coarse punctures on elytra in P. meihuai sp. nov.; sparse, fine punctures on elytra in P. igai). The form of the aedeagus, gonocoxae, and female abdominal ventrite VIII are also diagnostic.

Host plant.

Larvae and adults feed on leaves of Celtis sinensis Pers. ( Cannabaceae).

Biology.

Adults were collected from Taipei City Zoo, January 19, 2008 and transferred to the laboratory for rearing. Females began to deposit an average of 10-20 eggs in single egg mass (Fig. 52A) during middle March. Larvae hatched in 7 days. The larvae (Fig. 52B) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 14 days. mature larvae (Fig. 52C) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 52D) was 28-30 days. Newly emerged adults (Fig. 52E) were yellowish brown and appeared during spring and were active (Fig. 52F). They became darker during summer and autumn and were inactive during winter.

Distribution.

The species is widespread at lowlands (0-1,500 m) in Taiwan.