Subfamily * Liviinae Löw, 1879

Paurocephalini Vondráček, 1963: 277.

Diclidophlebiini Bekker-Migdisova, 1973: 100.

Camarotosceninae Li, 2011: 381.

Sinuonemopsyllinae Li, 2011: 373.

Comments

The monophyly of Liviinae is strongly supported in both mtg trees and also morphologically (Burckhardt & Mifsud 2003). The concept of the subfamily is the same as that by Burckhardt & Ouvrard (2012). Both morphologically and in the molecular analyses Diclidophlebia Crawford, 1920 and Paurocephala are closely related. Whereas each of the genera was recovered as monophyletic in a morphological study (Burckhardt & Mifsud 2003), in the molecular analyses Diclidophlebia is paraphyletic with respect to Paurocephala .

Included genera

Aphorma Hodkinson, 1974 (syn. Leprostictopsylla); Camarotoscena Haupt, 1935; * Diclidophlebia Crawford, 1920 (replacement name for Heteroneura Crawford nec Fallén; syn. Aconopsylla, Gyroza, Haplaphalara, Paraphalaroida, Sinuonemopsylla, Woldaia); * Livia Latreille, 1802 (syn. Diraphia Illiger, Neolivia replacement name for Diraphia Waga nec Illiger, Vailakiella); * Paurocephala Crawford, 1913 (syn. Marpsylla, Paurocephala (Thoracocorna), Pauroterga); * Syntomoza Enderlein, 1921 (syn. Anomoterga, Homalocephala).