Phyllotreta liebecki Schaeffer

(Figs. 99–100, 105, 164)

Reared specimens. MASSACHUSETTS: Hampden Co., Holland, 42.032214, -72.176878, 15.ix.2023, em. 4– 27.x.2023, C.S. Eiseman, ex Cardamine impatiens, # CSE8522 (13 adults, MLBM) ; NORTH CAROLINA: Wake Co., Morrisville, Lake Crabtree County Park, 4.vi.2018, em. 16.vi.2018, T.S. Feldman, ex Cardamine pensylvanica, # CSE4950 (2 adults, MLBM); same collection, em. after 16.vi.2018, # CSE4950 b (2 adults, MLBM) .

Hosts. Brassicaceae: * Cardamine impatiens L., C. pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd., Lepidium virginicum L., Planodes virginicum (L.) Greene, Rorippa teres (Michx.) Stuckey, “mustard plants” (likely = Brassica L.) (Chittenden 1923; Smith 1985). Adults have been collected on Brassica rapa L. (as “Chinese cabbage or pe-tsai” and “turnip”) and Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin (as “radish”) (Chittenden 1923; Smith 1985).

Biology. Larvae form irregular, full-depth, linear leaf mines, sometimes forming secondary blotches (Figs. 99–100). Frass is deposited in elongate pellets that tend to form a broken, more or less central line. The single larva that was photographed outside its mine had a pattern of dark, sclerotized areas matching that of P. chalybeipennis (Crotch) (Eiseman 2015), but the ground color was whitish with only small, faint yellow patches (Fig. 105).