6. Eriosyce horrida (Remy ex Gay) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter comb. nov.

Echinocactus horridus Remy ex Gay, Fl. Chil. 3: 15. 1848. Basyonym.

≡ Cactus horridus Colla in Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 37: 76. 1834 syn. sec. Hunt et al. (2006) ≡ Echinocactus horridus Gay, Fl. Chil. 3: 15. 1848 syn. sec. Tropicos ≡ Pyrrhocactus horridus (Colla) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 264. 1936 [ “1935”] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ Horridocactus horridus (Colla) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1940: 51. 1940 syn. sec. Tropicos ≡ Hildmannia horrida (Colla) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ Neoporteria horrida (Gay) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 93. 1987 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) = Echinocactus tuberisulcatus Jacobi in Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 108. 1856 syn. sec. Korotkova et al. (2006) ≡ Malacocarpus tuberisulcatus (Jacobi) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 202-203. 1922 syn. sec. Korotkova et al. (2006) ≡ Pyrrhocactus tuberisulcatus (Jacobi) A.Berger, Kakteen: 215. 1929 syn. sec. Korotkova et al. (2006) ≡ Horridocactus tuberisulcatus (Jacobi) Y. Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 80. 1952 syn. sec. Korotkova et al. (2006) ≡ Neoporteria tuberisulcata (Jacobi) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova et al. (2006) ≡ Eriosyce curvispina var. tuberisulcata (Jacobi) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.1: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Korotkova et al. (2006) ≡ Pyrrhocactus odoriflorus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 116. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ Neochilenia odoriflora (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3778. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ Neoporteria horrida var. odoriflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 190. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019).

Type.

Chile, Southern America, Valparaíso Region, Valparaíso (Locotypus). Lectotype (designated by F. Kattermann 1994): Bertero ( ТО) [171] .

Iconography.

Kattermann, Succ. Pl. Res. 1, Pl. 7 (5) as "var. Neoporteria horrida "(sic!), and as E. curvispina var. tuberisulcata). 1994; C. Bacheberg, Das Kakteenlexikon, Abb. 170, 171. 1977 (as Horridocactus tuberisulcatus).

Morphological notes.

Stems green, 10-20 cm diameter Ribs 14-18(-20), ca. 1.5 cm high, deeply notched. Areoles 0.7-1.8 × 0.5-1.0 cm. Spines brown, later grey, usually thick, only slightly curved upward; radials 9-12, 1-2 cm, central ones 4-8, 1.5-3 cm long. Flowers funnel-form, 4-5 cm; pericarpel bract-scales small, axils usually with inconspicuous wool, hypanthium sometimes with tortuous bristles; perianth segments 1-1.2 cm broad with short tips, mostly reddish with a dark purple mid-stripe, sometimes rose with a pale mid-stripe; ovary isodiametric, style reddish, stigma-lobes yellow. Fruits barrel-shape, 1.5 cm, indumentum as for the pericarpel; perianth remnant attachment area wide, basal pore large. Seeds 0.8-1 mm, round oval, opaque, blackish brown; testa finely tuberculate, only slightly ribbed; hilum oval, position ventrally oblique, micropyle in a groove.

Distribution.

Endemic species, occurring on low coastal hills between south of Valparaíso (33°S, 71°W) and Papudo (32°S, 71°W).

Conservation status.

The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of E. horrida is estimated to be <5000 km2, with its populations severely fragmented by urban areas, forest lands, and electric highways. It is estimated that there will be a decrease in the population size and number of localities, loss of habitat quality due to expansion of the real estate industry, forest fires and stump removal. We propose to classify the species as Endangered (EN) according to the criteria B1ab(i,iii,iv).