Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872

Synonyms in the area: Lytocarpus philippinus —Nutting 1900; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; Vervoort 1967; Wedler 1975; Bandel & Wedler 1987 [polyp].

Distribution in South America: polyp—Pacific Ocean, Colombia, at 5.99°N 77.36°W in Port Utria, at 2.99°N 78.199°W in Gorgona Island, Ecuador, at 0.56°N 80.01°W in San Francisco Bay, from 0.39°N to 1.5°S in Galápagos Archipelago, at 1.28°S 81.07°W in Isla La Plata, at 2.18°S 80.90°W in La Libertad, at 2.19°S 80.90°W in Santa Elena Bay (Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; Calder et al. 2003); Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, Venezuela, at Puerto Cabello, Brazil, at 3.54°S 38.8°W, from 8.05°S to 10°S, from 11.50°S to 29.5°S (Nutting 1900; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1951a, 1954; Vervoort 1967; Wedler 1975; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Migotto 1996; Nogueira et al. 1997; Calder & Maÿal 1998; Migotto et al. 2002; Oliveira 2003; Miranda & Marques 2006, abstract; Oliveira et al. 2006; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Maronna et al. 2008, abstract; Amaral et al. 2010b; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Miranda et al. 2011, 2015; Marques et al. 2013; Lindner et al. 2014; Fernandez et al. 2015).

Habitat: polyp—from intertidal zone to 37m depth, on algae, fouling, mud, Rhizophora mangle roots, rocks, shells, wood (Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Migotto 1996; Calder & Maÿal 1998; Calder et al. 2003; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Miranda et al. 2011; Fernandez et al. 2015).