308.

Papillose Woolly Bat

Kerivoula papillosa

French: Kérivoule mamelonnée / German: Warzen-Wollfledermaus / Spanish: Querivoula piloso de Java

Other common names: Papillose Bat

Taxonomy. Vespertilio papillosus Temminck, 1840,

“L’ile de Java, dans le district sauvage de Bantam. Se trouve aussi a Sumatra dans le district de Padang [= Theisland ofJava, in the wild district of Bantam. It is also found in Sumatra in the district of Padang].” Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1940 to “ Java.”

As currently defined, K. papillosa represents a species complex that is paraphyletic with K. lenas, which togetherare sisterto the hardwickspecies group. There appearto be several sympatrically distributed forms (at least three), and manyspecimens currently attributed to K. papillosa likely represent K. lenis . Genetic and morphological data from across the distribution are needed to determine taxonomy of this complex. Kerivoula lenis was previously considered a subspecies of K. papillosa, but genetic and morphological data support its status as a separate species, especially because the two are broadly sympatric. Identity of Philippines specimens needs to be addressed further. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

K.p.papillosaTemminck,1840—Sumatra,N&WBorneo,Java,N&CSulawesi,includ-ingnearbyKabaenaandButonIs,andPhilippines(LuzonandBoholIs).

K. p. malayana Chasen, 1940 — WC & S Thailand, NE Laos, Vietnam, C Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 40-3-52- 2 mm, tail 47-56- 4 mm, ear 14-17 mm, hindfoot 7-9- 10 mm, forearm 39-49 mm; weight 6-13 g. Furis dense and woolly. Dorsal pelage is brown to buffy brown; venter is paler. Ears are large and virtually naked, with convex anterior margins, rounded tips, and concavityjust below tips on posterior borders; tragus is narrow and tall, with virtuallystraight anterior margin except for very slight convexity near tip and concave posterior margin with small hooked basal lobe. Membranes are light brown, with hairs scattered on posterior margin of uropatagium and no definite fringe; wings are attached at base of outer toes, and calcar is long. Skull has high braincase and domed forehead, with more robust rostrum than in the Lenis Woolly Bat ( K. lenis). Compared to the Lenis Woolly Bat, dentition is more robust overall, upper premolars are wider, and lower premolars are larger, especially P. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 54 (Thailand).

Habitat. Lowland mixed deciduous dipterocarp forests and secondary lowland forests (Luzon) from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1050 m.

Food and Feeding. No information.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. The Papillose Woolly Bat roosts in small tree hollows. Call shape is steep FM sweep. Calls of two (B and C group) ofthe three genetic lineages in Thailand were recorded: B group, start frequencies of 180-196 kHz (mean 190-3 kHz), end frequencies of 60-69 kHz (65-5 kHz), and peak frequencies of 109-9-157-6 kHz (131-6 kHz) and C group,start frequencies of 169-207-7 kHz (189-8 kHz), end frequencies of 63-5- 89-8 kHz (75-7 kHz), and peak frequencies of 112-1-161-4 kHz (140-8 kHz).

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Papillose Woolly Bat reportedly roosts in groups of 1-14 individuals.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Papillose Woolly Bat appears to be common in much of its wide distribution. Nevertheless, its taxonomy is unresolved, and it likely represents several species that would have smaller distributions. Further taxonomic studies are needed before a proper assessment can be made. Deforestation might be a threat in some regions.

Bibliography. Douangboubpha et al. (2016), Duya et al. (2007), Francis (2008a), Hasan & Abdullah (2011), Hutson & Kingston (2008e), Khan et al. (2010), Kruskop (2013a), Kuo Haochih et al. (2017), Struebig, Horsburgh et al. (2008), Tate (1940), Vanitharani et al. (2003).