356.

Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat

Murina cyclotis

French: Murine a oreilles rondes / German: Rundohrréhrennase / Spanish: Ratonero narizudo de orejas redondas

Taxonomy. Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872,

Darjeeling, India.

See M. fionae . There appears to be at least two species included in M. cyclotis based on genetic data, with specimens from southern India sister to M. guilleni and true M. cyclotis sister to M. peninsularis . Name eileenae might be applicable to this taxon, but specimens from Sri Lankan (type locality of eileenae) and northern Indian (type locality of M. cyclotis) have not been included in any genetic studies. The two taxa are considered subspecies here, but they will likely be elevated to distinct species after additional research. Specimens from the Philippines have not yet been included in any morphological or genetic studies and are tentatively retained under M. cyclotis . There is also extreme morphological variation across South-east Asia, especially in hair color and ear shape, but it has not been investigated taxonomically. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.c.cyclotisDobson,1872—CNepal,NE&ECIndia(Sikkim,WestBengal,Megha-laya,Mizoram,andAndhraPradesh),SEChina(Jiangxi,Guangxi,andSHainan),SEAsia(includingConSonandCatBaIsandtheBaiTuLongArchipelago),andthePhilippines(Luzon,Catanduanes,Sibuyan,Biliran,Cebu,Bohol,Siquijor,Camiguin,Mindanao,andPalawanIs).

M. c. eileenae W. W. A Phillips, 1932 — Sri Lanka and tentatively S India (Tamil Nadu).

Descriptive notes. Head—body 38-50 mm,tail 26-2-43- 5 mm, ear 12-18- 6 mm, hindfoot 6-3-9- 7 mm, forearm 28-9-36- 8 mm; weight 4-1-8- 2 g. Females average larger in bodysize than males. Fur silky. Dorsal pelage is orangish brown (hairs with dark gray bases and orange-brown tips); venter is grayish white (hairs with gray bases and light gray or whitish brown tips) or with light orange-brown tinge on some individuals. Dorsal pelage extends sparsely onto wings, uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Faceis sparsely haired except for long protuberant naked nostrils. Ear shape is variable from broadly rounded with convex anterior margins to narrower with somewhat more elliptical and less convex anterior margins, but never with notch on posterior margins; tragusis long and narrow and tapers toward pointed tip. Wing attaches near base of claw on first toe. Baculum is very small (0-8 mm long), arched upward, deeply concave ventrally, and almost round, with W-shaped indentation at tip and distinct concavity at base. Skull has relatively long and non-inflated rostrum and slightly domed braincase (more domed in males); sagittal and lambdoidal crests are poorly developed; C! is taller than P*, with basal area that is subequal to or slightly larger than P* P? is two-thirds the basal area of P* but two-thirds to slightly shorter in height; M' and M? lack mesostyles and have Ushaped indentation on labial sides; and talonids of M, and M, are more than one-half to two-thirds the size of their respective trigonids. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50 (Vietnam).

Habitat. Various forest habitats such as lowland, wet, and hill evergreen forests; mixed deciduousforest; and dry dipterocarp forest from sea level up to elevations of¢. 1650 m.

Food and Feeding. Round-eared Tube-nosed Bats reportedly fly low to the ground and likely forage in vegetation clutter.

Breeding. Young Round-eared Tube-nosed Bats were collected in August in West Bengal and July in Meghalaya, India.

Activity patterns. The Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat roosts primarily in foliage, but some roosts have been found in small rock caves. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with start frequencies of 141-163 kHz, end frequencies of 56-72 kHz, peak frequencies of 96-3-109 kHz, and durations of 1-5-2-3 milliseconds in Thailand.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat roosts alone or in groups up to only three individuals.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Roundeared Tube-nosed Batis widespread and does not seem to face any major threats.

Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Francis, Rosell-Ambal, Tabaranza et al. (2008), Corbet & Hill (1992), Francis (2008a), Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016), Heaney, Gonzales et al. (1991), Hill (1964), Lepiten (1995), Nguyen Truong Son et al. (2015), Rickart et al. (1991), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Soisook (2013), Soisook, Karapan, Satasook, Thong Vu Dinh et al. (2013), Soisook, Thaw Win-Naing et al. (2017), Thong Vu Dinh et al. (2010).