350.

Brown Tube-nosed Bat

Murina suilla

French: Murine pourceau / German: Braune Réhrennase / Spanish: Ratonero narizudo marron

Other common names: Lesser Tube-nosed Bat

Taxonomy. Vespertilio suillus Temminck, 1840,

“Tapos,” Java, Indonesia, Java.

Munrina suilla appears to be closely related to M. walstoni, M. florium (perhaps conspecific), and M. aenea and possibly M. annamitica based on limited genetic data. Murina suilla might represent at least two species that are possibly sympatric on Java, but genetic and morphological data are needed to confirm this. Specimens from the Philippines were originally identified as M. tubinaris but are best included under M. suilla without further testing. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.swillaTemminck,1840—MalayPeninsula(includingLangkawiI),Borneo,Suma-tra,Java,andthePhilippines(Luzon,Cebu,Mindanao,andPalawanIs).

M. s. canescens Thomas, 1923 — Nias I, off W Sumatra.

Apparently also in C Sulawesi, Peleng I, and New Guinea because these specimens are similar to this speciesin size, although they were originally identified as the Flores Tube-nosed Bat ( M. florium). These records are not mapped here.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 33-2-62- 4 mm, tail 22-5-35- 4 mm, ear 11-1-14- 2 mm, hindfoot 5-8-8- 4 mm, forearm 29-3-33- 2 mm; weight 2-5-5- 5 g. Fursilky. Dorsal pelage is orangish brown (hairs having brown bases and orange reddish brown tips); venter is garish brown or sometimes dark brown. Dorsal pelage extends sparsely onto wings, uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Face is sparsely haired except for long protuberant naked nostrils. Ears are short, broad, and rounded, with smoothly convex anterior margins, distinct notch on posterior margins, and broadly roundedtips; tragus is long and narrow and tapers toward pointed tips. Wing attaches near base of claw on first toe. Skull has relatively inflated rostrum and domed braincase; I2 is anterior to I%; C' is taller than P*; P* is about one-half the height of P*; mesostyles of M' and M2 are well developed, with convex labial surface; and talonids of M, and M, are larger than their respective trigonids. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 58.

Habitat. Disturbed and undisturbed mixed deciduous, semi-evergreen, lowland dipterocarp forests; primary lowland evergreen forests; and some heavily disturbed habitats, including banana plantations and human cities, from sea level up to elevations of c. 1540 mm.

Food and Feeding. The Brown Tube-nosed Bat forages for insects in plantations and areas with clustered vegetation.

Breeding. Female Brown Tube-nosed Bats captured in February and May were lactating in Thailand. They generally give birth to one young, but twins are occasionally reported.

Activity patterns. The Brown Tube-nosed Bats roost in foliage. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with average start frequency of 171 kHz (146-246 kHz), end frequency of 58-4 kHz (48-85 kHz), peak frequency of 97 kHz (74-1-146-1 kHz), and duration of 2-7 milliseconds (1-7—4-9 milliseconds) in Thailand.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Brown Tube-nosed Bat is common throughout much ofits wide distribution and does not seem to face any major threats. In Borneo, it reportedly increased in abundance after logging, suggesting it is adaptable to disturbed habitats.

Bibliography. Bumrungsri et al. (2006), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba et al. (2011), Furey, Thong Vu Dinh et al. (2009), Hutson & Kingston (2008g), Koopman & Danforth (1989), Nguyen Truong Son et al. (2015), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Pottie et al. (2005), Shazali et al. (2016), Soisook (2013), Soisook, Karapan, Satasook & Bates (2013), Soisook, Thaw Win-Naingng et al. (2017), Turner (2011), Volleth (2006), Zeng Xiang et al. (2018).