99.

Cadorna’s Pipistrelle

Hypsugo cadornae

French: Vespére de Cadorna / German: Cadorna-Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Hypsugo de Cadorna

Other common names: Thomas's Pipistrelle

Taxonomy. Pipistrellus cadornae Thomas, 1916,

“Pashok, 3'500° [= 1067 m],” Dar jeeling, India.

Hypsugo cadornae appears to be sister to H. macrotis . Monotypic.

Distribution. NE India (West Bengal), N Myanmar, N Thailand, Laos, N & C Vietnam, and NE Cambodia.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 45-8 55 mm, tail 32-42 mm, ear 12-5-15 mm, hindfoot 5-4-8-3 mm, forearm 34-4-36-4 mm; weight 5-5-7 g. Pelage of Cadorna’s Pipistrelle is soft, dense, and relatively long; dorsally dark chestnut-brown (hairs slightly darker at root than tip), ventrally paler chestnut-brown (hairs dark brown or black at root). Bare parts of membranes, face, and ears are uniform dark brown. Ears are moderately large with broadly rounded tip, and anterior edge broadly convex above base; tragus is relatively short, broad, and angled slightly forward, and has basal lobe. Last two vertebrae stretch past margin of uropatagium, and calcar has narrow keel. Penis is relatively small. Baculum is small (2-5 mm long, one specimen) and robust; shaft is curved downward and is deeply grooved ventrally; it has two pronounced projections on each side of base; tip is distinctively spoon-shaped. Skull has narrow, rounded braincase (notflattened, as in Savi’s Pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii); basioccipital area has well-defined central ridge running between the two cochleae but basioccipital pits are practically absent; zygomatic arches are robust with projection dorsally on each jugal bone. I’ is as high as second cusp of I?, being subequal in crown area; P? is minute and within recess formed by C',just outside tooth row; C' and P* are either in contact or nearly so; P, is within tooth row and twothirds the crown area and one-half the height of P,; and lower molars are myotodont.

Habitat. Collected in dry bamboo forests and montane mixed forests at elevations of c.708-1950 m.

Food and Feeding. Cadorna’s Pipistrelles are agile fliers and feed on a variety of insects. In north-western Thailand, fecal samples mainly included Hemiptera (49-3% by volume, 76-7% by frequency) and Coleoptera (43-7%, 70%), along with smaller amounts of Hymenoptera (2-7%, 3-:3%), Homoptera (2:5%, 3-3%), Diptera (1-2%, 6-7%), Acari (0-2%, 3-3%), and Lepidoptera (0-2%, 3:3%).

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Cadorna’s Pipistrelles roost by day and forage at night. Remains of one individual were collected in a cave in north-eastern Thailand, although the species may not typically roost in caves. Call frequency recorded at 37-5 kHz (unpublished data), probably representing peak frequency value.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Pipustrellus cadornae). Cadorna’s Pipistrelle does not seem to face any major threats currently, although it may be locally threatened by roost disturbance. Very little is known about its ecology and potential threats; further research is needed.

Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Harrison et al. (1997), Bates, Nwe Tin et al. (2005), Francis (2008a), Francis, Bates, Molur & Srinivasulu (2008a), Furey et al. (2012), Gorfél et al. (2014), Kruskop (2013a), Lim, L.S. et al. (2016), Weterings et al. (2015).