471.

Gray Large-footed Myotis

Myotis adversus

French: Murin adverse / German: Siidasiatische Wasserfledermaus / Spanish: Ratonero adverso

Other common names: Gray Large-footed Bat, Large-footed Bat, Large-footed Mouse-eared Bat

Taxonomy. Vespertilio adversus Horsfield, 1824,

Java, Indonesia.

Subgenus Myotis; horsfieldii species group. See M. horsfieldii . Myotis adversus previously included specimens that are now recognized as M. moluccarum and M. macropus . Records attributed to M. adversus in northern Vietnam were dubiously assigned to it and are tentatively considered to represent M. horsfieldii . Subspecies taiwanensis is now considered a subspecies of M. fimbriatus, although some earlier molecular studies suggested that it was a distinct species. Four subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.a.adversusHorsfield,1824—JavaandLesserSundaIs(Kangean,NusaPenida,Moyo,Sumbawa,Flores,Lembata,Pantar,Alor,Timor,andSavu).MayalsooccurinMalayPeninsula.

M.a.carimataeG.S.Miller,1906—NBorneo(Sabah),KarimataandMendanauIs.

M.a.tanimbarensisKitchener,1995—TanimbarIs(Yamdena).

M. a. wetarensis Kitchener, 1995 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Wetar).

Descriptive notes. Head-body 42- 6-55 mm, tail 33-4—48- 4 mm, ear 14-1-18- 2 mm, hindfoot 10-2-12- 5 mm, forearm 38-45- 2 mm. The Gray Large-footed Myotis is large, with very large hindfeet for fishing. Fur is long, dense, and woolly. Dorsal pelage is dark grayish brown to dusky brown; venteris lighter dark grayish to light grayish brown (hairs with grayish tips and dark bases). Hindfeet are very long, with long toes and hooked claws. Wings attach at ankles; membranes are black and opaque. Baculum is very short (0-60- 0-83 mm), narrow (somewhat Y-shaped in dorsal view), and pear-shaped, with moderate to profound basal bifurcation and rounded to blunt tip. Skull averages smaller in most measurements compared with the Southern Myotis ( M. macropus), except rostral length, least interorbital breadth, and mesopterygoid fossa breadth; forehead is gently sloped, and rostrum is comparatively long; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are absent to weakly developed; C' has deep groove on lingual surface; P? and P, are minute at two-thirds the size offirst molars; P? is in tooth row or partially intruded; and P, is usually intruded from tooth row.

Habitat. [.owland forests around bodies of water such as streams and lakes.

Food and Feeding. Gray Large-footed Myotis feed on fish, frogs, and probably aquatic insects by trawling their long feet at the water’s surface. They probably also catch aerial Insects.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Gray Large-footed Myotis are known to roost in caves and tunnels.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Gray Large-footed Myotis roost in small colonies.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Gray Large-footed Myotis does not appear to be threatened overall but is probably locally threatened by logging, agricultural expansion, plantations, and forests fires in some regions.

Bibliography. Bates et al. (1999), Cooper et al. (2001), Findley (1972), Flannery (1995a), Han Naijian et al. (2010), Hill (1983), Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014), Hutson, Kingston & Francis (2008d), Kitchener, Cooper & Maryanto (1995), Kruskop (2013a), Smith & Hood (1981).