294.

Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat

Phoniscus jagorii

French: Kérivoule de Peters / German: Peters-Trompetenohr / Spanish: Fonisco de Peters

Other common names: Common Trumpet-eared Bat, Frosted Groove-toothed Bat

Taxonomy. Vespertilio (Kerivoula) jagorii Peters, 1866,

“ Insel Samar,” Philippines.

Specimens of P. jagorii from Laos are apparently slightly smaller than elsewhere and might be a distinct taxon. Up to three subspecies ( jagorii, javanus, and rapax) have been recognized, but additional studies are needed to determine their validity. Monotypic.

Distribution. E Thailand, Laos, NW & SW Vietnam, C Peninsular Malaysia (along with Penang I), NE & SW Borneo, W Java, Bali I, N Sulawesi, and Philippines (Samar and Bohol Is); possibly in N Cambodia.

Descriptive notes. Head-body 39-8 45- 2 mm, tail 36-49- 45 mm, ear 12- 3- 17 mm, hindfoot 8:5-9- 1 mm, forearm 35—42- 5 mm; weight 5-8- 11 g. Dorsal pelage is mixed brown and black, with frosted gold throughout (hairs banded with dark gray-brown bases, middle buff and dark brown bands, and goldentips); venteris paler, with slightly grayertips. Short tiny yellow hairs are along bones of wings,tail, and legs. Ears are funnel-shaped, with rounded tips; tragusis long and conspicuously white, with sharply pointed tip and distinct and deep notch near base on posterior margin. Tail is long, and calcar is strong and curved. Basioccipital pits appear to be deeper than in the Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat ( P. atrox). I? is unicuspid and pointed; I? is distinctly smaller and shorter; C' has two distinct longitudinal lateral grooves on outer side; P* is broader than P° but shorter anteroposteriorly; P* is somewhat rectangular shaped with an anterointernal elongation; and lower premolars are narrow, especially P.

Habitat. Primary and moderately disturbed semi-evergreen forests in limestone karst, rainforests, and dry dipterocarp forests at low elevations.

Food and Feeding. Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bats are maneuverable fliers and appearto forage in dense vegetation where preferred orb-weaving spiders live. They might become toxic themselves by sequestering poison from spider prey. Maximum bite force was 2:6 N in individuals from Malaysia.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Day roosts of Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat appear most commonly in abandoned nests of broadbills (Eurylaimussp.); they make entrance holes in bottoms of the abandoned nests. Calls are broad FM sweep, with start frequencies of 137-140 kHz (mean 137-6 kHz), end frequencies of 77-85-7 kHz (82-9 kHz), peak frequencies of 87-5-88-2 kHz (88 kHz), and durations of 1:4—1-6 milliseconds. In Malaysia, a larger sample size reported start frequencies of 154-4-184-8 kHz (mean 169-3 kHz), end frequencies of 616-76 kHz (70-4 kHz), peak frequencies of 79-2-117-6 kHz (94-4 kHz), and durations of 1:6—3-2 milliseconds (2-2 milliseconds).

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat usually roosts alone but sometimes in small groups.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat is widespread but not particularly common. It does not currently seem to face any major threats, but deforestation is likely a problem in some regions.

Bibliography. Francis (2008a), Heaney et al. (1998), Hill (1965b), Kingston, Francis, Rosell-Ambal & Tabaranza (2008), Kingston, Francis, Zubaid & Kunz (2003), Kingston, Kunz etal. (1997), Kruskop (2013a), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Ryan (1965), Senawi et al. (2015), Thong Vu Dinh et al. (2006).