Apterodela (Protoapterodela) shirakii (W. Horn, 1927)

Figs 29–32, 59, 60, 96, 101, 136, 141, 145, 151, 180, 181, 190, 191, 225, 235, 242, 249, 256, 263.

Cicindela shirakii W. Horn, 1927: 41 (Type locality— Formosa, Roeichi and Tattaka).

= Cicindela niitakana Kanô, 1931: 69 (Type locality— Formosa, Mt. Niitaka), synonymy by W. Horn (1934).

Cicindela shirakii W. Horn, 1927: W. Horn 1934: 71; 1938: 41, T. 50 fig. 7; Miwa 1936: 46, fig. 27.

Cylindera (Cylindera) shirakii (W. Horn, 1927): Schilder 1953: 547.

Cylindera (Apterodela) shirakii (W. Horn, 1927): Wiesner 1992: 179; Lorenz 1998: 53; 2005: 165; Matalin 2001: 385; Werner et al. 2002: 46, fig. 30; Puchkov & Matalin 2003: 108; Shook & Wiesner 2006: 13; Wu & Shook 2010: 81; Sota et al. 2011: 717; Wu 2011: 26.

Apterodela shirakii (W. Horn, 1927): Nakane 1955: 26; Putchkov & Matalin 2017: 217; Wiesner 2020: 266.

Type material. Lectotype of Cicindela shirakii (designated here), ♂ (digital images, Figs 29, 30)—“Tattaka, 20.V.1924, Col. T. Shiraki” [formely white hand-written label except last typset line], “ Type W. Horn ” [white typed label], “Syntyqns” [dark-red typed label], “ Coll W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [white printed label], “ SDEI Coleoptera, # 301449” [white printed label] (SDEI). Paralectptype of Cicindela shirakii (designated here), ♀ (digital images, Figs 31, 32)—“Roeichi, 15.IV.1924, Col. T. Shiraki” [formely white hand-written label except last typset line], “ Type W. Horn ” [white typed label], “Syntyqns” [dark-red typed label], “ Coll W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [white printed label], “ Shirakii m.” [yellow hand-written label], “ SDEI Coleoptera, # 301450” [white printed label] (SDEI).

Additional material. CHINA, Taiwan: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — China, Formosa ( Taiwan), Alishan, 17– 26.06.1996, leg. P. Moravec (cPU) ; 1 ♀ — ibid (cYS); 1 ♂ — Formosa, Alishan, 2400 m, 17– 26.06.1996, leg. J. Dalihod (cJW) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — ibid (cJG); 1 ♂ — China, Chiayi County, Alishan Township, Mt Dueigoa area, 21.IV.2004, leg. Tzong-Jenq Lin ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ — China, Taiwan, Alishan Mountains, Chiayi County, Alishan environs, 2300 m, 31.V.2004, leg. Jaroslav Dalihod (both cJW) ; 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ — China, Taiwan, Alishan, Chiai (cTA) ; 1 ♀ — China, Taiwan, Alishan to Yu Shan (cMH) ; 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ — China, Taiwan, Meifeng, Nantou (cMH) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — ibid (cTA); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ — China, Taiwan, Dayuling, Hua Lien ; 2 ♂♂ — China, Taiwan, Xinrengang [= Xinren Gang], Nantou ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ — China, Taiwan, Sung Kang ; 1 ♂ — China, Taiwan, Cuifeng, Nantou ; 1 ♀ — China, Taiwan, Songgang, Nantou ; 1 ♀ — China, Taiwan, Tian Leng, Tai Chun ; 1 ♂ — China, Taiwan, Lala Shan, Taipei (all cMH) ; 1 ♂ (digital image)— Taiwan, Chiayi, Tatachia, 14/V/1991, C.C. Chiang, catching, 1129–5 ; 1 ♀ (digital image)— Taiwan, Chiayi, Yu-shan West peak, 15/V/1991, C.C. Chiang, Sweeping & Sucking, NMNS ENT 1447 – 2428 ; 1 ♀ (digital image)— Taiwan, Nantou, Kahoershan, 7/V/1992, W.T. Yang, Sweeping Net, NMNS ENT 1447 – 2428 ; 1 ♀ (digital image)— May, 31 1965, Cicindela shirakii Horn, 1282 – 31317 (all NMNS) .

References. China: Taiwan —Roeichi, Tattaka [= Sung Kang] (W. Horn 1927); Mt. Sylvia, Mt. Niitaka, Mt. Nankotaizan [= Nanhutaishan], Daisetsuzan (Kanô 1931); Alishan (Werner et al. 2002); Xinrengang (Sota et al. 2011); 1 ♂ (digital image)—Taiwan, Nantou, Kaohsiung, Yushan, 23.475889N 120.897956E, 29.IV.2019, Lin Xiuling; 1 ♂ (digital image)— ibid, 23.443005N 120.945442E, 17.V.2023, Lee Karen; 1 ♀ (digital image)—Taiwan, Taichung City, Nantou, Ilan, Taroko National Park, 24.177952N 121.276158E, 16.VII.2018, Lin Qiqin; 1 ♀ (digital image)— ibid, 24.378549N 121.400457E, 16.VII.2018; 1 ♂ (digital image)— ibid, 24.382368N 121.431819E, 12.VI.2018, Jacy Chen; 1 ♂ (digital image)— ibid, 24.1871N 121.31134E, 25.V.2008, Lijin Huang; 1 ♂ (digital image)— ibid, 24.384343N 121.432091E, 22.IV.2022, Zhou Yewei; 1♀ (digital image)— ibid, 24.381772N 121.42382E, 02.VI.2022, Kai Chang; 1 ♂ (digital image)— ibid, 24.38295N 121.426462E, 06.VIII.2022, Allen Chien; 1 ♂ (digital image)— ibid, 24.179663N 121.284264E, 06.V.2018; 1 ♂ (digital image)—Taiwan, Taichung City, Taroko National Park, Nanhu Dashan, 24.15492N 121.281862E, 01.VIII.2018; 1 ♀ (digital image)— ibid, 24.3832N 121.433067E, 31.VIII.2020, Kai Chang; 1 ♂ (digital image)—Taiwan, Taichung City, 24.293702N 121.19731E, IV.2021, Janus Olajuan Boediman; 1 ♂ (digital image)—Taiwan, Taichung City, Hsinchu county, Shei-Pa, 24.323433N 121.206092E, 20.IV.2021, Feng Chung; 1 ♂ (digital image)— ibid, 24.499583N 121.087842E, 08.V.2021, Liu Shengyu (all https://guatemala.inaturalist.org/taxa/1095760-Apterodela-shirakii).

Differential diagnosis. Among all Apterodela species A . shirakii is easily recognized by dense and evenly pubescent metathorax and metepisternum (Fig. 151), complete, slightly sinuate middle band with short lateral portion, large, oval, or comma-shaped supra-apical dot (Figs 180, 181, 190, 191), medium-sized aedeagus with short, rounded apex without lateral flanks (Figs 225, 235), and shape of internal sac (Figs 242, 249, 256, 263).

Redescription. TL = 12.5–13.75 mm (mean = 13.2 mm, n = 7) in males, 14.14–15.5 mm (mean = 14.67 mm, n = 4) in females; body relatively convex, TL/BH = 3.51–3.85 (mean = 3.67, n = 5) in males, 3.72–3.9 (mean = 3.81, n = 3) in females.

Head metallic bronze with golden-green lustre, especially on clypeus, frons and genae, gula greenish-bronze with violet reflection; orbital plates with 8–9 relatively deep straight furrows (Figs 59, 60); vertex wide and flat; HW/PW = 1.2–1.41 (mean = 1.31, n = 11). Antennae projected posteriorly over basal quarter of elytra; antennomeres 1–4 metallic bronze or bronze-green with bright cupreous or golden-cupreous reflection, scape besides single apical seta glabrous or with 1 additional short white seta; antennomere 3 with 6–8 while antennomere 4 with 1–3 short, stout, white setae except apical ones. Labrum transverse, LW/LL = 1.49–2.11 (mean = 1.73 mm, n = 7) in males, 1.67–2.09 mm (mean = 1.82 mm, n = 3) in females, indistinctly tridentate, with 4–8 submarginal setae (Figs 96, 101).

Pronotum metallic bronze with distinct golden-cupreous or golden-cupreous-green tinge; transverse, PL/PW = 1.1–1.22 (mean = 1.16, n = 15); lateral margins slightly rounded in males, virtually straight in females, converging to the base most distinct in males; finely rugose, slightly convex; with two deep impressions over posterior angles; anterior suture indistinct while posterior suture shallow; midline thin and shallow, sometimes poorly visible, metallic greenish-blue (Figs 136, 141). Thoracic segments bronze with golden-cupreous lustre, metepisternum and metathorax densely and evenly pubescent by long, white, semierect hairs, mesepisternum with 1–2 long white setae basally (Fig. 151); wings well developed (Fig. 145), however Kano (1931) and Miwa (1936) observed that the beetles do not fly. Legs metallic bronze-green with golden-cupreous tinge; hind coxae haired along basal portion of lateral margins as well as in the centre.

Elytra bronze with golden-cupreous-green lustre on humeri and along suture; rarely entirely black with light violet tinge, with numerous, dense diffused, small blue or bluish-green punctures as well as with subhumeral and subsutural rows of large golden-green setigerous pores; EL/EW = 1.6–1.8 (mean = 1.67, n = 15); without subapical notch; shoulders well developed, straight-angular, rounded, EW/EHW = 1.2–1.4 (mean = 1.3, n = 15); scutellum medium-sized, bronze or bronze-cupreous; humeral group of series umbilicata consists 5–7 large setigerous pores (Fig. 151); epipleura narrow, bronze-green with bright bluish or purple-violet reflection. White elytral pattern presented by complete or virtually complete, relatively long, smoothly curved middle band with short, wide marginal portion, and by large basal portion of apical lunule (Figs 181, 182, 191, 192).

Abdominal ventrites bright green, greenish-blue, purple-violet, or black with bright golden-cupreous, purple, or purple-violet reflection along lateral, finely striated and anterior margins; ventrites 3–5 with irregular row of 16, 20 and 10 white setae along anterior margin, respectively.

Aedeagus medium-sized, EL/AL = 1.98–2.15 (mean = 2.05, n = 3), with short, wide, rounded apex without lateral flanks (Figs 225, 235); internal sac long, with relatively short broad and blunt mt, well-developed VLL and VLR as well as only marked BLL and BLR (Figs 242, 249, 256, 263).

Distribution. CHINA, Taiwan—Taipei, New Taipei, Taichung, Changhua, Miaoli, Ylan, Nantou, Chiayi, Kaoshiung Counties (Fig. 280).

Notes. Cicindela shirakii was described from Formosa (= Taiwan) based on four specimens: male and female from Roeichi as well as male and female from Tattaka (Horn 1927). In the collection of SDEI two syntypes of C. shirakii, namely one male from Tattaka and one female from Roeichi from the collection of Walter Horn are housed (Figs 29–32). According to the Articles 72.1.1, 72.10, 73.2 and 74 of ICZN (1999) the aforementioned male from Tattaka is designated here as the lectotype while the female from Roeichi—as the paralectotype of C. shirakii (see the section” Type material”).