Labrundinia sofiae Silva sp. n.

(Figs 76–78)

Labrundinia sp. 21 Silva et al. 2013: 601 (DNA barcodes).

Material examined. Type material: Holotype male with pupal and larval exuviae, Brazil: São Paulo, São Carlos, Espraiado stream, 19.v.2011, S. Wiedenbrug (MZUSP – FA125). 4 Paratypes: 1 male and 2 females with pupal and larval exuviae same data as holotype (NTNU). 1 larva same data as holotype except for Fazzari stream, vii.2007, S. T. Strixino (NTNU).

Etymology. Named in honour of Sofia Wiedenbrug for her friendship and for collect the species in São Carlos, Brazil.

Diagnostic characters. Labrundinia sofiae sp. n. differs from other Labrundinia species by the combination of the following characters. Adult male: R2+3 present; abdominal tergites I–VI with continuous brown transverse band near proximal margin, T VII–VIII completely brown; hypopygium brown, sternapodeme with distinct anterior process. Pupa: thoracic horn club-shaped, aeropyle tube ending in a bulbous expansion. Larva: surface of head capsule covered with small spinules; lateroventral and posteroventral spine groups absent; posterior margin darkened; ratio between inner and outer tooth on bifid claw (B/C) on the posterior parapod 0.89–0.96.

Description. Adult male (n = 2 unless otherwise stated)

Size. Total length 2.2–2.3 mm. Wing length 1.2 (1) mm. Total length/wing length 1.90 (1). Wing length/ profemur length 3.04.

Coloration. Head brown with dark brown occipital margin; pedicel and antenna brown; maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax completely brown. Wing membrane transparent without any marking. Legs pale brown. Abdominal tergites I–VI with continuous brown transverse band near proximal margin, T VII–VIII completely brown; hypopygium brown (Fig. 76L).

Head (Figs 76A–E). Temporal setae 12, uniserial (Fig. 76B). Eye ratio 1.12–1.24. Tentorium (Fig. 76C) 113 (1) Μm long. Clypeus 80–87 Μm long, 50–56 Μm wide at largest part, bearing 13–14 setae. Cibarial pump 151–164 Μm long (Fig. 76D), with anterior margin concave. Lengths of palpomeres 1–3 (in Μm): 29–36; 38–44; 83–94; palpomeres 4 and 5 broken off. Antennal flagellum 681 (1) Μm long, diameter of pedicel 118–121 Μm, apical setae single (Fig. 76E), AR 0.88 (1).

Thorax. Antepronotum with 2 lateral setae. Acrostichals 40–44, biserial, diverging evenly posteriorly, starting close to antepronotum and almost reaching scutellum; dorsocentrals 24–26, irregularly biserial; prealars 7; supraalars 2. Anapleural suture ratio 0.46–0.48. Scutellum with transverse row of 7–8 setae and group of numerous fine anterior setae.

Wing (Fig. 76F). Width 0.37 (1) mm. Costa 1.02 (1) mm long, not produced beyond R4+5, ending very slightly beyond tip of M3+4. R2+3 present. Base of radial sector 0.09 (1) mm long. VR 0.70 (1). WW 0.32 (1). Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama setiferous.

Legs (Figs 76G–K). Fore leg: width at apex of tibia 32 (1) Μm (Fig. 76G), tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 10 (1) Μm long (Fig. 76H), with three lateral teeth and two preapical setae; preapical pseudospurs not observed. Mid leg: width at apex of tibia 31 Μm long (Fig. 76I), tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 15 (1) Μm long with three lateral teeth (Fig. 76J) and two preapical setae; preapical pseudospurs not observed. Hind leg: width at apex of tibia 29–37 Μm long (Fig. 76K), tibia without spur; comb with 7–8 bristles; preapical pseudospurs not observed. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 52.

fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3

p1 394 387 302 206 129 p2 558 398 307 162 96

p3 439 530 582 249 163

ta4 ta5 LR BV SV p1 84 62 0.78 2.25 3.04 p2 73 70 1.17 2.27 1.97 p3 109 73 1.10 2.61 1.67 Hypopygium (Fig. 76M). Tergite IX arched, with 9 posterior setae. Membranous anal point trapezoidal, apical edge slightly concave. Phallapodeme 42–46 Μm long. Sternapodeme with distinct anterior process. Gonocoxite cylindrical, 84–101 Μm long, 43–47 Μm wide, with slightly concave inner margin. GcR 2.00–2.18. Gonostylus simple and slender, 56–74 Μm long; megaseta 15 (1) Μm long. HR 1.38–1.49. HV 3.09–3.80 (1).

Adult female (n = 1)

Size. Total length 1.5 mm. Wing length 1.0 mm. Total length/wing length 1.49. Wing length/ profemur length not measurable.

Head. Temporal setae 12, uniserial. Eyes ratio 1.08 (1). Tentorium not measurable. Clypeus 59 (1) Μm long, 83 (1) Μm wide at largest part, bearing 19 (1) setae. Cibarial pump 171 (1) Μm long, as in male. Lengths of palpomeres 1–3 (in Μm): 26; 41; 93; palpomeres 5 broken off. Antennal flagellum not measurable.

Thorax. Antepronotum with 2 lateral setae. Acrostichals 42–44, irregularly biserial, starting close to antepronotum; dorsocentrals 24–30, irregularly biserial; prealars 7–8; supraalars 2. Scutellum with transverse row of 8–9 setae and group of numerous fine anterior setae.

Wing. Width 0.38 mm. Costa 0.85–0.87 mm long, not produced beyond R4+5. R2+3 present. Base of radial sector 0.06 mm long. VR 0.66–0.69. WW 0.38. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama setiferous.

Legs. Fore leg: missing. Mid leg: width at apex of tibia 35–37 Μm, tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 16 (1) Μm long, with three lateral teeth and two preapical setae; preapical pseudospurs on ta1-4 not observed. Hind leg: width at apex of tibia not measurable, tibia without spur; comb with 7 bristles; preapical pseudospurs on ta1-4 not observed. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 53.

fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 p1 – – – – – p2 489–496 380–403 461 210 144 p3 436–439 467–474 – – –

ta4 ta5 LR BV SV p1 – – – – – p2 91 73 1.14 2.62 1.95 p3 – – – – – Genitalia. Gonapophysis VIII broadly rounded, 73 (1) Μm long. Coxosternapodeme 63 (1) Μm long. Postgenital plate rounded. Cerci oval-quadrate, 39 (1) Μm long and 13 (1) Μm wide; with 5 elongated setae. Labia with inconspicuous microtrichia. Notum length 72 (1) Μm long. Seminal capsules oval, 44 (1) Μm long, 38 (1) Μm wide, with conical shaped necks. Length ratio SCa/No 0.62 (1).

Pupa (n = 3 unless otherwise stated)

Size. Abdomen 1.5 (1) mm long in male, 1.7–1.8 (2) mm long in female.

Coloration. Exuviae and thoracic horn brown. Apex of anal lobe brown.

Cephalothorax (Figs 77A–C). Frontal apotome smooth (Fig.77A). Wing sheath smooth 0.7–0.8 mm long. Thoracic horn 181–280 Μm long and 46–56 Μm wide (Fig. 77B), THR 3.66–3.97, preapical indentation moderately deep. Membranous preapical papilla 65 (1) Μm long (Fig. 77C), PTH 0.36 (1), aeropyle tube simple, short and robust, 19–22 (2) Μm long, ending in a bulbous expansion; plastron plate small. Horn sac well developed, completely filling respiratory atrium. External membrane with pale spinules basally concentrated. Basal lobe wedge-shaped. Thoracic comb with 11 conical tubercles (Fig. 77B).

Abdomen (Figs 77D–E). Tergite I with scar 109–131 Μm long. T I–VI without shagreen, T VII–VIII with shagreen basally concentrated. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in figure 77D. Abdominal segment VII with 4 LS-setae. A VIII with 5 LS-setae. Anal lobe 229–238 (1) Μm long and 130–133 Μm wide (Fig. 77E), outer margins sclerotized, with 9–10 spines, longest spine 10–12 Μm long, inner margins of lobes membranous. ALR 1.79–2.22. Male genital sac almost reaching apex of anal lobe.

4th instar larva (n = 4 unless otherwise stated)

Coloration. Head pale yellow, without maculation; postoccipital margin brown; posterior margin darkened. Second antennal segment brown; distal tooth of mandible and apex of ligula brown. Abdomen pale yellow; procercus and anal setae pale brown. Posterior parapod claws all pale yellow.

Head (Fig. 78A). Length 413–436 Μm, 244–258 Μm wide. IC 0.59–0.60. Surface covered with small spinules; lateroventral and posteroventral spine groups absent. Ventral cephalic setae S9, S10 and SSm forming a more or less straight line diagonal to longitudinal axis of head capsule (Fig. 78A).

Antenna (Figs 78B–C). Length 266–277 (2) Μm, A1 171–180 (2) Μm long, with ring organ located 0.88–0.92 from base, A2 83–87 (2) Μm long. AR 1.82–1.85 (2). Blade longer than A2,84–90 (2); accessory blade 86–92 (2).

Maxilla (Fig. 78D). Basal palp segment 19–20 Μm long and 7–8 Μm wide at the middle, with ring organ located 0.74–0.89 from base. PR 2.43–2.69. APR 8.90–9.38 (2).

Mandible (Fig. 78E). Length 48–55 Μm. Sensillum campaniformium located 0.69–0.75 from apex, basal tooth bifid, with seta subdentalis projecting from sloping end towards apical tooth, accessory tooth present, AMD 3.58– 3.61 (2).

Mentum and M appendage . Dorsomental teeth reduced; pseudoradula uniformly granulate.

Hypopharyngeal complex (Figs 78F–G). Ligula 37–45 Μm long, 19–21 Μm wide, with row of 5 teeth. IO 0.98– 0.99, MO 1.02–1.03. Paraligula bifid, 19–21Μm long, inner tooth 15–18 Μm long, shorter than outer tooth. Pecten hypopharyngis with 6 teeth almost equal in size.

Body (Figs 78H–I). Without lateral fringe. Anterior parapods with simple claws. Procercus 107–117 (3) Μm long, 21–24 Μm wide, with 7 anal setae 285–332 (3) Μm long. L/ W 4.77 –5.15 (3). Supraanal seta well developed. Anal tubules 194 (1). Posterior parapod 327–328 (2) Μm long; subbasal seta on posterior parapod simple, without spines (Fig. 78H); parapod apex with numerous simple claws; bifid claw with V-shaped lower indentation (Fig. 78I). B/C 0.89–096.

Remarks. Adult males of Labrundinia sofiae are very similar to those of L. carolae and differences are discussed under this species. The pupae of Labrundinia sofiae very closely resemble those of L. semicurvata, but can be distinguished by the smooth external margin of the thoracic horn and the aeropyle tube ending in a bulbous expansion. The larvae of L. sofiae are very similar to those of L. separata, but may be separated by the darkened posterior margin of cephalic capsule. Labrundinia sofiae has been collected using artificial substrate baskets filled with stones and leaves at slow flowing, lowland streams in São Paulo State, Brazil. The larvae of this species were also collected in the Fazzari stream, a first-order stream surrounded by a well-preserved riparian forest. The water of this system has a high level of dissolved oxygen and low conductivity.