Paraboloponina Ishihara, 1953

Fig. 20

Type genus: Parabolopona Matsumura, 1912 .

Diagnosis

Paraboloponina are medium sized to large leafhoppers, and are variable in shape and color. They can be distinguished from Drabescina by the antennal ledges which are weak or absent, antennae usually longer, 1.5 x width of head or longer, texture of the frontoclypeus shagreen, protibia rounded dorsally or rarely somewhat flattened, and forewing appendix not especially large.

Description

HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae, or shagreen. Anterior margin of head glabrous, irregularly textured, foliaceous, with numerous transverse striations, with 2 or 3 parallel carinae, or with numerous carinae. Frontoclypeus not tumid; texture shagreen or striate. Clypellus widening apically, apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum subequal to or wider than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near upper or anterodorsal corners of eyes. Antennal pits often very large and encroaching onto frontoclypeus. Antennae long, 1.5 x width of head or longer. Gena not incised or obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledges absent or weakly developed (carinate or weakly carinate). Ocelli present; close to or distant from eyes; on anterior margin of head.

THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin carinate; lateral margin shorter than basal width of eye.

WINGS. Forewings macropterous; appendix restricted to anal margin; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; without or with reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein absent or present; apical venation not highly reticulate.

LEGS. Profemur with AM1 seta only; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV with thin, hair-like setae or without setae, or rarely with short, stout setae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Mesofemur row AV sometimes with several long macrosetae. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+1 or 2+1+1 or 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically, plantar setae simple, tapered.

MALE GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer; with short point of articulation with pygofer. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae absent or reduced (≤ two rows) or well differentiated into several rows. Subgenital plates free from each other; articulated with valve; without macrosetae or with macrosetae scattered, irregularly arranged or uniseriate laterally. Style broadly bilobed basally, median anterior lobe pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent or reduced or present, connected or articulated to connective or near base of aedeagus. Aedeagus without basal hinge; with a single shaft and gonopore. Connective anterior arms somewhat divergent, Y - or U -shaped; articulated with aedeagus.

FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern strigate, concatenate, or reticulate; sculpturing reaching dorsal margin; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula abruptly broadened medially or subapically or gradually broadened medially or subapically; with or without dorsal median tooth; teeth on apical 1/3 or more or restricted to apical 1/4 or less; teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped.

Geography and ecology

Distribution: Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian regions.

Remarks

Paraboloponina contains 36 genera and 132 species.

Included genera

Athysanopsis Matsumura, 1914

Bhatia Distant, 1908

Canopyana Viraktamath & Srinivasa, 2006

Carvaka Distant, 1918

Divus Distant, 1908

Drabescoides Kwon & Lee, 1979

Dryadomorpha Kirkaldy, 1906

Eminea Seven, 1997

Favintiga Webb, 1981

Halimunella Kamitani, 2012

Hybrasil Kirkaldy, 1907

Indokutara Viraktamath, 1998

Isaca Walker, 1857

Jamitettix Matsumura, 1940

Karoseefa Webb, 1981

Kotabala Viraktamath, 1998

Kutara Distant, 1908

Megabyzus Distant, 1908

Mysolis Kirkaldy, 1904

Nakula Distant, 1918

Nirvanguina Zhang & Webb, 1996

Oceanopona Linnavuori, 1960

Odmiella Linnavuori, 1978

Odzalana Linnavuori, 1969

Omanella Merino, 1936

Parabolopona Matsumura, 1912

Parohinka Webb, 1981

Rhutelorbus Webb, 1981

Roxasella Merino, 1936

Roxasellana Zhang & Zhang, 1998

Sombakidia Zhang & Webb, 1996

Stenomiella Evans, 1955

Tengatka Zhang & Webb, 1996

Tenompoella Zhang & Webb, 1996

Waigara Zhang & Webb, 1996

Welmaya Zhang & Webb, 1996