Penenirmus quadrilineatus (Nitzsch, 1866), new combination

Nirmus quadrilineatus Nitzsch, 1866: 117 .

Degeeriella quadrilineata (Nitzsch), 1866; Harrison, 1916: 121. Sturnidoecus quadrilineatus (Nitzsch), 1866; Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 345.

Type host. Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus, 1758) — long-tailed tit.

Remarks. No material of this species was examined by us. The original description is brief and vague, but Giebel's (1874) redescription mentions that it has three pairs of very long setae on the temples, indicating that this is a member of the Philopterus -complex or Penenirmus . The coni (“Balken”) are said to be slender and long, which would fit better with Penenirmus than Philopterus, and we interpret the three very long temporal setae seen by Giebel (1874) as being the os and two mts .

We refer this species to Penenirmus, despite Złotorzycka’s (1997: 225) claim that this species belongs to Sturnidoecus . It may be a junior synonym of Penenirmus pari (Denny, 1842), but further study is needed to determine whether synonymization is appropriate in this case.