12. Eumenes pomiformis (Fabricius, 1781)

(FigS 61–68)

Vespa pomiformis Fabricius, 1781: 467 —“ Italia ” (lectotype ♀ coll. Fabricius).

Eumenis [!] mediterranea var. heri Kriechbaumer, 1879: 88, ♂—“Dalmatien” (coll. Sturm; ZSM).

Eumenes pomiformis; Berland, 1928: 7 (key), 8, figs. 3, 6, 9, 10-13 [included other species as “subspecies” or “var”]; Giordani Soika, 1932: 125 (Venezia); Giordani Soika, 1933: 22, fig. 1 p (larva and ethology of “ E. pomiformis ”); Giordani Soika, 1935: 162 (key), 163; Blüthgen, 1938: 480 (key), 490 (lectotype designation; syn.: E. lunulatus F.), 494, fig. 1, ♀); Blüthgen, 1942: 10 (Saale valley); Giordani Soika, 1942: 5 (Italy); Giordani Soika, 1943: 29 -32, fig. 1 (5) (compared to three new species); Giordani Soika, 1944: 7 (Sicily); Blüthgen, 1952: 350 (Switzerland); Castro, 1986: 299 (Spain); Castro, 1997: 4 (cat.); Gusenleitner, 2007: 108 (Turkey); Gusenleitner, 2008: 36 (list); Yildirim & Gusenleitner, 2009: 940 (Turkey); Gusenleitner, 2010: 444, pl. 38 (United Arab Emirates); Zhou et al., 2012: 468 (key); Oehlke, 2012: 597 (Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan); Gusenleitner, 2013: 28 (central and southern Europe; north west Africa; Malta; Turkey; Lebanon; Ukraine; southern European Russia); Neumeyer & Praz, 2015: 316 (notes on type).

Eumenes pomiformis pomiformis; Giordani Soika, 1953: 238 (Morocco); Blüthgen, 1961: 205, fig. 62 (key), 209 (distinguished from E. lunulatus (F.); revision necessary); Giordani Soika, 1965: 16, figs. 5-8 (compared to E. subpomiformis); Blüthgen & Königsmann, 1969: 925 ( aff. pomiformis; Albania); Gusenleitner, 1970: 165 (syn.: E. fastidiosissimus); Gusenleitner, 1972: 99, figs. 9b, 10, 17f, 100 (Tajikistan); van der Vecht & Fischer, 1972: 131 (cat.); Madl, 1997: 825 (Turkey).

Eumenes fastidiosissimus Giordani Soika, 1943: 29, fig. 1 (2, 4), ♂ (in subgenus Eumenes)—“Italia-Venezia Giulia, Strada Vicentina” (lectotype MVEN); also from Austria; Giordani Soika, 1973a: 34 (designation of lectotype); Borsato & Ratti, 1999: 76 (syn. of E. pomiformis pomiformis (Fabricius)) .

Eumenes pomiformis turcicus Giordani Soika, 1952 (1951): 367, ♂, ♀ (in subgenus Eumenes)—[Turkey] “Toros, Bürücek” (lectotype ♂ NMP); also from Gyaur daglari; Gusenleitner, 1970: 165 (holotype examined; paratypes partly = E. lunulatus F.); Gusenleitner, 1972: 101; van der Vecht & Fischer, 1972: 132 (cat.); Giordani Soika, 1973a: 39 (designation of lectotype); Gusenleitner, 1997: 137, 144 (syn. of E. pomiformis (Fabricius)); Gusenleitner, 1999: 561, 573 (syn. of E. pomiformis (Fabricius)); Borsato & Ratti, 1999: 90 (syn. of E. pomiformis pomiformis (Fabricius)) .

Diagnosis. ♀ (Figs 61–65). Punctation of T2 relatively coarse and not very dense (Fig. 65); hairs of T2 much Shorter than thoSe at baSe of T1 (Fig. 61); T2, in profile, little Swollen in middle, weakly impreSSed preapically, with the apical margin Slightly reflected; tegUla normal, withoUt lateral emargination in itS anterior third; T1 pear- Shaped, itS apex with a wide yellow band, and pair of browniSh markS in yellow band (Fig. 64); temple with hairS; legS black with yellow.

Colour description. ♀. Body black with broad yellow markings. Yellow: apex of labrum; clypeus except median roUnded black Spot; mark on interantennal Space toUching eye; Scape Ventrally; narrow mark on temple; broad band on pronotUm; Spot on meSepiSternUm; tegUla; parategUla; interrUpted band on baSe of ScUtellUm; UninterrUpted band on metanotUm; large Vertical band on either Side of propodeUm; pair of large roUnd SpotS on either Side of T1 at middle and a broad apical band, emarginate at middle; pair of large tranSVerSe markS at baSe of T2 and broad apical band, emarginate at middle and Sharply narrowed towardS SideS; broad apical band on S2, Sharply narrowed towardS SideS; T3–T5 & S3–S5 with almoSt waVy apical bandS. LegS yellow except all coxa, all trochanterS, baSal half of fore and mid femora and hind femora almoSt entirely black. SometimeS Small to large roUnded Spot on coxa. Pair of characteriStic browniSh markS in apical yellow band of T1. WingS hyaline. HairS SilVery white. Body length: 10 mm.

Ƌ (FigS 66–68). Apical antennal article hook-like, reaching middle of 10th Segment in cUrVed poSition (fig. 68). ColoUr aS that of ♀ except clypeUS entirely yellow, apical 2–3 antennal articleS yellow, yellow mark on inner ocUlar margin below ocUlar SinUS, T6 & S6 with apical yellow band. Body length: 10 mm.

Material examined. INDIA: JammU & KaShmir, Ladakh, Kargil, 3 ♂, 13–14.Vi.1973, Coll. V.K. GUpta & Party, ZSIK Regd. Nos. ZSI/ WGRS /I.R-INV.8349–8351; Ladakh, Leh, 1 ♂, 19.vi.1973, Coll. V.K. Gupta & Party, ZSIK Regd. No. ZSI/ WGRS /I.R-INV.8352 . PAKISTAN: QUetta, 1 ♀, Vii.1902, Coll. DUdgeon, ZSIK Regd. No. ZSI/ WGRS /I.R-INV.8353.

Distribution. * India: JammU & KaShmir; France; Spain; Italy; Switzerland; Germany; AUStria; Czech RepUblic; Croatia; Serbia; Albania; BUlgaria; Greece; Malta; BelarUS; Ukraine: Crimea; KyrgyzStan; TajikiStan; UzbekiStan; SoUthern EUropean RUSSia; China; * PakiStan: QUetta; TUrkey; Lebanon; United Arab EmirateS; TUniSia; Morocco.

Remarks. The Indian popUlation of E. pomiformis SeemS to be characterized by haVing mUch more extenSiVe markingS than EUropean and other weStern formS of the SpecieS, bUt a detailed StUdy woUld be neceSSary to See if thiS iS jUSt clinal Variation.