Tomarus laevicollis (Bates, 1888)

(Figs. 16G, 19G, 27G; 44)

Ligyrus laevicollis Bates, 1888: 316 . Original combination.

Male lectotype designated by Cartwright (1959: 518) (BMNH) “LECTO- / TYPE // TYPE // Sp. figured. // Acapulco, / Guerrero. / Höge. // B.C.A.Col.II(2) / Ligyrus / laevicollis, Bates // Ligyrus / laevicollis / Bates ♂ // Lectotype / B. laevicollis Bates // Cartwright 1959 ”. Male paralectotype (BMNH) “PARA- / LECTO- / TYPE // Chilpancingo, / Guerrero. / Höge. // B.C.A.Col.II(2) / Ligyrus / laevicollis, Bates ”. Female paralectotype (BMNH) “PARA- / LECTO- / TYPE // Belize. / Blancaneaux. // Ligyrus / laevicollis / Bates ♂ // B.C.A.Col. II(2) / Ligyrus / laevicollis, Bates ”. Male paralectotype (MNHN) “Cordova, / Vera Cruz / Höge. // ♂. // H.W.Bates / Biol. Cent.Amer. // Museum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthur // Tomarus laevicollis / (Bates188) [(Bates 1888)] / det F. Dupuis 2015 // PARALECTOTYPE // MNHN / EC6758” Type locality: Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.

Ligyrus bryanti Rivers, 1891: 97 . Synonym. Male lectotype (CASC) “San Jose / del Cabo. // RIVERS / Type. // 10275 // LECTOTYPE / bryanti // California Academy / of Sciences / Type / No. / 61” here designated. Type locality: San José del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico.

Description. Habitus as in Fig. 27G. Length 18.0– 24.5 mm; humeral width 9.8–12.2 mm. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely and densely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 conical tubercles separated by about 9 tubercle diameters. Clypeus narrowed towards apex, base 3 times wider than apex. Clypeal teeth triangular, separated by a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral, narrowly rounded tooth. Galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 well developed. Mentum abruptly constricted at apical 3rd. Interocular distance 3 times an eye width. Pronotum: Surface with minute punctures; denser and deeper on anterior and lateral angles, disc impunctate.Apical tubercle small, rounded, visible in lateral view. Subapical fovea very shallow, elongate, narrow (1/2 the interocular distance), equal in both sexes, surface rugopunctate. Scutellum: Surface smooth, without punctures. Elytra: Punctures on first interval minute to absent; sutural stria incomplete, present only on apical 1/4. Inner surface of apex with rounded, large tubercles forming 14–16 parallel lines. Abdomen: Apex of tergite IV with a triangular wide area with small, irregular tubercles forming 9–10 diagonal, nearly parallel lines. Pygidium with dense rugosity on basal 3rd, apex rounded. Venter: Apex of prosternal process flat, subquadrate to longitudinally oval. Metasternum with minute setae on anterior angles. Legs: Protibia tridentate, with a basal small denticle. Apex of metatibia crenulate; with 9–11 spinules. Male genitalia: Spiculum gastrale without basal plates. Phallobase 1.2 times longer than parameres. Parameres with 2 dorsal teeth on each side; basal tooth acute, longer than apical tooth that is small and joined to the basal tooth (Figs. 16G, 19G). Internal sac with copulatory lamella and short lamellar spiny belt; with a complex of 7 spine-like, accessory lamellae, with dense granules at base.

Diagnosis. Tomarus laevicollis is differentiated by the following character combination: frontoclypeal tubercles conical; pronotal surface nearly smooth (Fig. 27G); pronotal tubercle small but visible in lateral view; pronotal fovea shallow and narrow (1/3 as wide as interocular distance); elytral punctures on first interval minute to absent; sutural stria incomplete, present only on apical 1/4; protibia tridentate, with an additional basal denticle; apex of metatibia with 9–11 spinules; parameres with 2 dorsal teeth on each side, main teeth long, close to the secondary, small teeth (Figs. 16G, 19G).

Distribution. Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Costa Rica (Endrödi 1985; Ratcliffe et al. 2013).

Locality records (Fig. 44). 149 specimens examined from BMNH, CAFESI, CNIN, FSCA, EMAC, IEXA, UNSM, and USNM. Some records from Ratcliffe (2003), Ratcliffe & Cave (2006), and Ratcliffe et al. 2013. BE-LIZE (1). Cayo (1): Blancaneaux. COSTA RICA (2). Limón (2): Amubri; Hitoy Cerere. EL SALVADOR (1). San Miguel (1): Laguna el Jocotal. GUATEMALA (37). Chimaltenango (1): San Martín Jilotepequez. Escuintla (15): Chulamar; La Gomera; Puerto de Ixtapa; San José. Guatemala (2): Ciudad de Guatemala. Huehuetenango (1): No data. Petén (1): No data. San Marcos (2): Puerto de Ocos; Tilapa. Santa Rosa (14): Chiquimulilla; La Avellana; Monterrico; Playa Hawai; Taxisco. Zacapa (1): San Lorenzo, Cerro de los Monos. HONDURAS (69). Atlántida (51): Curla; Danto; Ceiba; La Montañita; Jujiapa; Reserva Cuero y Salado. Gracias a Dios (5): Reserva Río Plátano. Isla Roatán (10): Sandy Bay; Spyglass Hill. MEXICO (209). Baja California (28): San Juan del Cabo; San Lucas; Santa Rosa; Santiago; Todos Santos (25 mi. SE). Chiapas (10): Acapetahua; Cinco Cerros; Pipijiapán; Puerto Arista; Tapachula; Villa Flores. Guerrero (19): Acapulco; Chilpancingo; Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo; Jochuchutla; Jocutla; Rodecia. Jalisco (48): Careyes; Chamela; Melaque; Puerto Vallarta; Tenacatita. Michoacán (3): Cohuayana; Playa Azul; San Telmo. Nayarit (58): Acaponeta; San Blas; Ruíz; Tepic. Oaxaca (5): La Ventosa; Río Grande; Salina Cruz (5 km N); Tehuantepec. Puebla (1): Huachinango. Quintana Roo (1): Cancún. San Luíz Potosí (1): Tamuin. Sinaloa (15): El Zapotillo; Malpica; Mazatlán; Venado; Villa Unión. Tabasco (2): Centla, Manglar de la Barra San Pedro; Ruinas de Comalcalco. Veracruz (18): Alvarado; Córdoba; La Tomata; Palma Sola; Tecolutla; Tuxpan; Veracruz. NICARAGUA (2). Río San Juan (1): Los Guatuzos. Zelaya (1): Campus Uracan Buffields.

Natural history. The species inhabits tropical moist forest areas between 0 to 2,100 m, and many specimens have been collected using lights.