Key to the Malagasy species of Empidideicus (Anomaloptilus)

1. Clypeus elongate, extending well beyond length of oral margin, forcing proboscis to be reflexed downward and backward (Fig. 4)....................................................................... E. (A.) rhinoclypeatus Evenhuis

–. Clypeus not elongate, never extending beyond length of oral margin (Fig. 3)...................................... 2

2. Proboscis extremely short, barely projecting beyond oral margin (Fig. 21); head wider than long in dorsal view (Fig. 18)... 3

–. Proboscis clearly projecting beyond oral margin for at least 1/2 head height; head longer than wide in dorsal view (Fig. 17).................................................................................................... 4

3. Wing vein R 4+5 ending in wing margin before level of end of M 2 (Fig. 41); cell r4+5 at wing margin as wide as cell m2; eyes in males clearly dichoptic below level of antennae; prescutellar area in females with yellow marks............................................................... (northwest Madagascar) ... E. (A.) contrasticus Evenhuis & Gharali, n. sp.

–. Wing vein R 4+5 ending in wing margin well beyond level of end of M 2 (Fig. 43); cell r4+5 at wing margin narrower than cell m2; eyes in males holoptic or nearly so below level of antennae; prescutellar area in females black, without yellow marks................................................ (southwest Madagascar) ... E. (A.) irwini Evenhuis & Gharali, n. sp.

4. Second antennal flagellomere 1/3 or more length of first flagellomere (Fig. 23).................................... 5

–. Second antennal flagellomere reduced in size, less than 1/4 length of first flagellomere (Fig. 24)......................................................................................... E. (A.) nanus Evenhuis & Gharali, n. sp.

5. Prescutellar area with yellow color; scutellum all yellow in color, no darker color present; R 4+5 either upcurved ( E. hauseri, n. sp.) or not upcurved ( E. rinhai, n. sp.) at wing margin........................................................ 7

–. Prescutellar area black; scutellum with some dark brown to black color, not all yellow; R 4+5 not upcurved at wing margin... 6

6. Scutellum all black; anal cell narrowly open at wing margin (Fig. 45); females with pleura predominantly yellow, darker yellow to brown only on lower pleurites........................................ E. (A.) regius Evenhuis & Gharali, n. sp.

–. Scutellum predominantly yellow with brown basomedially; anal cell closed at wing margin (Fig. 40); females with pleura predominantly black, yellow only on upper portions of katepimeron, katepisternum and propleuron........................................................................... E. (A.) andriambahomananii Evenhuis & Gharali, n. sp.

7. Prescutellar area with some dark color medially, yellow marks not broadly coalesced (some orange color medially in females) (Figs 61–62); anal cell open at wing margin; wing vein R 4+5 straight to wing margin; abdominal tergite I with white band along posterior margin..................................................... E. (A.) rinhai Evenhuis & Gharali, n. sp.

–. Prescutellar area yellow, without dark color medially anterior to scutellum, yellow marks broadly coalesced (Figs 53–54); anal cell closed in wing margin; wing vein R 4+5 upcurved at wing margin; abdominal tergite I all brown, without white band posteriorly......................................................... E. (A.) hauseri Evenhuis & Gharali, n. sp.