Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872

Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872: 126, Plate IV, Figs 73–74; Rosa 1890b: 121; Beddard 1895a: 436; Michaelsen 1900: 208; Gates 1939: 108; Gates 1972: 141; Thai 1983: 122; Do 1994: 53; Nguyen 1994: 37; Le 1995a: 70; Thai 1987: 6, 7; Pham 1995c: 63; Thai 2000a: 310; Blakemore 2002: 133, Fig. 2.2; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Huynh 2005a: 78; Nguyen V.T.

& Tran 2008: 184; Blakemore 2008; Nguyen et al. 2010: 114; Pham 2010: 62; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018; Nguyen et al. 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 42; Nguyen 2014: 108.

Perionyx sp. — Tran, 1985: 56.

Perionyx gruenewaldi Michaelsen, 1891: 33 .

Perionyx turaensis Stephenson, 1920: 216 .

See Blakemore (2002) for more details and synonyms.

Type locality. Vietnam (Saigon).

Type material. MNHN, France.

Examined material. 5 C, 5 A (CTU-EW.003.01) Cho Moi, An Giang, 2/2010, coll. Ho Minh Thuan.

Records from Vietnam. Yen Bai (Yen Bai); Ha Giang (Meo Vac); Cao Bang (Thach An); Lang Son (Binh Gia); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP); Quang Tri (Huong Hoa); Thua Thien Hue (Hue); Da Nang (Hoa Vang); Quang Ngai (Quang Ngai; Tu Nghia); Binh Dinh (Quy Nhon); Gia Lai (Pleiku); Phu Yen (Song Cau); Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang); Lam Dong (Da Lat; Don Duong; Duc Trong); Binh Thuan (Phan Thiet; Bac Binh; Duc Linh); Ho Chi Minh; Ca Mau (U Minh); Bac Lieu (Vinh Loi); Ben Tre (Thanh Phu); Tra Vinh (Chau Thanh); Vinh Long (Vung Liem); Can Tho (Cai Rang; Ninh Kieu; Thot Not; Phong Dien); An Giang (Chau Phu; Chau Thanh; Cho Moi); Hau Giang (Phung Hiep) (Perrier 1872; Thai 1987; Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Le 1995a; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Huynh 2005a; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Nguyen et al. 2010; Nguyen 2014).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, widely distributed in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, China, USA, Canada, England, Samoa, India, Taiwan, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Madagascar, Cambodia (Gates 1972; Thai & Do 1989; Blakemore 20 12a).

Vietnamese name. Giun Quế, Trùn Quế.

Remarks. The species is commonly used in earthworm farms, and sold as "red earthworm" for fishing and other purposes in Vietnam.