Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855)

Lumbricus litoralis Grube, 1855: 127, 135, Plate V, Figs 5–10.

Pontodrilus litoralis— Beddard, 1895a: 469; Michaelsen, 1900: 180; Easton, 1984: 114; Blakemore 2002: 129, Fig. 2.1; Blakemore 2007b: S3–S8; Blakemore 2008; Nguyen 2013: 95; Nguyen 2014: 112.

Pontodrilus marionis Perrier, 1874: 1582, synonymized by Michaelsen (1900).

Pontodrilus bermudensis Beddard, 1891a: 96, synonymized by Easton (1984).

Pontodrilus bermudensis— Thai 1987: 7; Thai 2000a: 307; Thai et al. 2004: 758; Huynh 2005a: 176; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123.

Pontodrilus matsushimensis Iizuka, 1898: 21, Plate II, synonymized by Easton (1984).

Pontodrilus gracilis Gates, 1943: 100, synonymized by Easton (1984).

See Easton (1984) and Blakemore (2002, 2007b) for more synonyms and details.

Type locality. Southern France.

Type material. Humboldt Museum, Berlin, Germany.

Records from Vietnam. Hai Phong ( Cat Ba Isl.) ; Khanh Hoa (Cam Ranh); Ba Ria-Vung Tau ( Con Lon Isl.) ; Tien Giang (Go Cong Dong, Cai Lay); Bac Lieu (Bac Lieu); Ca Mau (Nam Can); Ben Tre (Binh Dai) (Le 1995a; Thai 1987; Thai et al. 2004; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010; Nguyen 2014).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan species; usually found in areas near warm seas of Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans, from Mediterranean Sea to Southern China (Easton 1984; Blakemore 2002, 2007b). Vietnamese name. Giun pontodrilus vùng triều.

Remarks. The species is usually found in coastal regions. Chen (1938) synonymized Pontodrilus matsushimensis Iizuka, 1898 with P. bermudensis Beddard, 1891 . Easton (1984) considered both species as synonyms of P. litoralis (Grube, 1855) .