1. Calycolpus goetheanus (Mart. ex DC.) O. Berg (1854–1856: 381).

Basionym:— Myrtus goetheana Martius ex De Candolle (1828: 240) .

Type:— BRAZIL. “Habitat in Brasiliae prov. Rio Negro ”, Martius 2762 (M; lectotype designated by Landrum 2010: 381) . (Fig. 2A–B.)

Trees 1– 12 m. Twigs glabrous or glabrescent, the indumentum whitish or reddish-brown. Leaves with petioles 1–7 mm long, glabrous or glabrescent, unchanneled or shallowly channeled; blades elliptic to broadly so, lanceolate, ovate or obovate, 3.3–14.4 × 2.4–5.5 cm, glabrous, membranaceous or chartaceous, discolorous; glands conspicuous; base cuneate, acute or rounded; apex acuminate, rarely attenuate or cuneate; midvein adaxially sulcate or impressed; lateral veins moderately visible, not arched, 10 to 20 pairs; intra-marginal vein 1–2 mm from the margin, margin flat. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, fascicle, the axis ca. 3 mm long, sometimes inconspicuous, glabrous; bracts deltate, 0.3–0.5 × 0.6 mm, puberulent adaxially, glabrous abaxially, persistent in the fruit; pedicels 9–40 mm long, glabrous; bracteoles triangular to narrowly so, or deltate, 0.5–2 × 0.2–0.7 mm, glabrous, persistent in the fruit; flower buds globose, 7 × 12 mm, not constricted above ovary; calyx-lobes free, five, narrowly triangular, deltate to broadly so, 5–10 × 3–6 mm, glabrous, not reflexed, persistent in the fruit; ovary 3-5-locular. Immature fruits subglobose or globose, 0.4–0.7 × 0.5–1.1 cm, glabrous, surface smooth.

Note:— Calycolpus goetheanus may be recognized by its glabrous leaves, inflorescence in fascicles; buds with five free calyx-lobes (5–10 × 3–6 mm); ovary 3–5-locular; and glabrous, subglobose or globose fruits.

Distribution and habitat:— Known from Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, northeastern and northwestern Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará and Roraima states) (Landrum 2010, Flora do Brasil 2020). In Amazonian Maranhão, C. goetheanus was found growing along a road, and in both “terra firme’’ and flooded forests.

Phenology:— Flowering in January, February, May and October to December, and fruiting in January, February and October.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Maranhão: Alcântara, Piriuaçú, 02°24 32” S, 44°24’53” W, 11 April 1954 (st.), R.L. Fróes 30771 (IAN!) . Cururupu, Maracassumé River Region, Campo de Boa Esperança, 02°02’29” S, 45°57’19” W, 22 October 1932 (fl., fr.), R. Fróes 1977 (NY!) . São José de Ribamar, Sítio Aguahy, 02°38’47” S, 44°09’05” W, 28 October 2017 (fl.), G.S. Amorim 378 (MAR!) ; idem, 20 February 2018 (fr.), G.S. Amorim 467 (MAR!) . São Luís, Alumar, 02º41’30” S, 44°9’44” W, 29 November 994 (fl.), N. Figueiredo 7 (MAR!) ; 02°41’30” S, 44°19’44” W, 18 January 1995 [fl], N. Figueiredo 4 (MAR!); 02°41’30” S, 44°19’44” W, 13 November 1995 (fl.), K.B. Ferreira & E.C. Gimos s.n. (MAR!); Estrada que vai do Rio Anil para Maioba, 10 January 1950 (fl.), R.L. Fróes 25652 (U, image); Reserva Florestal do Sacavém, 02º34’04” S, 44º15’44” W, 03 December 1988 (fl.), R.C. Reis 57 (MAR!) ; 22 January 1992 [fl], F.H. Muniz 17 (RB); 26 February 1992 [fl], F.H. Muniz 196 (HUEFS, image); 02°35’59” S, 44°16’34” W, 27 May 1992 (fl.), F.H. Muniz 256 (HUEFS, image); 02°30’ S, 44°15’ W, 21 January 1993 (fr.), F.H. Muniz 287 (INPA, image); Rio Anil, 02°28’59” S, 44°12’00” W, 13 January 1951 (fl., fr.), B.E. Franz 26348 (ASU, image); Sede da Cemar, 02°31’47” S, 44°18’10” W, 27 November 1985 (fl.), G.T. Prance & R. Henriques 29886 (US, image) ; Sítio Santa Eulália, 02°30’30” S, 44°16’39” W, 29 January 2018 (fl.), G.S. Amorim 414, 419 (MAR!) ; 02°30’52” S, 44°16’34” W, 26 February 2018 (fr.), G. S. Amorim 491 (MAR!) .