63. Vespa tropica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sphex tropica Linnaeus, 1758: 571 . Holotype female; ‘in Indiis’ (UPPSALA).

Vespa cincta Fabricius, 1775: 362 .

Vespa crabro tenebrionis Christ, 1791: 216 .

Vespa deusta Lepeletier, 1836: 506 .

Vespa unicolor Smith, 1863: 44 .

Vespa cinta Wroughton, 1889: 35 .

Vespa eulemoides du Buysson, 1905 (1904): 530.

Vespa affinis var. trisignata Pérez, 1910: 8 .

Vespa rubricans Pérez, 1910: 10 .

Vespa tropica var. anthracina Bequaert, 1936: 341 .

Vespa tropica var. haematodes Bequaert, 1936: 338 .

Vespa tropica leefmansi van der Vecht, 1957: 19 .

Vespa tropica trimeres van der Vecht, 1957: 19 .

Vespa tropica cebuana Kojima and Reyes, 1984: 260 .

Distribution: Bhutan: Trashigang, Samdrup Jongkhar, Chhukha, Tsirang (Dorji, Gyeltshen, et al. 2017; Dorji, Klein, et al. 2017a). Elsewhere: Afghanistan; India; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Laos; Cambodia; Malaysia; Singapore; Brunei; Philippines; Indonesia; China; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka (Archer 1989, 2012; Das & Gupta 1983, 1989; Dorji, Gyeltshen, et al. 2017; Dorji, Klein, et al. 2017a; Gawas et al. 2020; Gawas et al. 2019; Ghosh et al. 2020; Gusenleitner 2006, 2011; Kumar & Sharma 2014a, 2015b; Nguyen, Saito, et al. 2006; Nugroho et al. 2011; Qasim et al. 2018; Rafi et al. 2017; Rauf et al. 2018; Sora et al. 2019; Smith-Pardo et al. 2020; van der Vecht 1959).