56. Vespa affinis (Linnaeus, 1764)

Apis affinis Linnaeus, 1764: 417 . Type data: Female, ZMUU. Type locality: “in Calidis regionibus” (Oriental Region).

Vespa affinis Fabricius, 1787: 287 .

Vespa unifasciata Olivier, 1792: 677 .

Vespa alduini Guérin-Méneville, 1831: 264 .

Vespa bimaculata Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 264 .

Vespa nigripennis de Saussure, 1854: 156 .

Vespa cincta var. picea du Buysson, 1905a (1904): 537.

Vespa indosinensis Pérez, 1910: 8 .

Vespa formosana Sonan, 1927: 125 .

Vespa affinis var. continentalis Bequaert, 1936: 350 .

Vespa affinis var. hainanensis Bequaert, 1936: 349 .

Vespa affinis nigriventris van der Vecht, 1957: 29 .

Vespa affinis archboldi van der Vecht, 1957: 32 .

Vespa affinis rufonigrans van der Vecht, 1957: 29 .

Vespa affinis moluccana van der Vecht, 1957: 32 .

Vespa affinis alticincta van der Vecht, 1957: 33 .

Distribution: Bhutan: Chhukha, Samdrup Jongkhar (Dorji, Gyeltshen, et al. 2017; Dorji, Klein, et al. 2017a). Elsewhere: India; Nepal; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Sri Lanka; China; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Malaysia; Singapore (Archer 2012; Daglio 2019; Das & Gupta 1983, 1989; Dorji, Gyeltshen, et al. 2017; Dorji, Klein, et al. 2017a; Gawas et al. 2020; Ghosh et al. 2020; Gusenleitner 2006; Kumar, Kundu, et al. 2015; Kumar, Mazumdar & Pham 2015; Kumar & Sharma 2014a; Nguyen, Saito, Kojima & Carpenter 2006; Nugroho 2012; Pham & Li 2015; Smith-Pardo et al. 2020; Sora et al. 2019; van der Vecht 1959).