Key to Japanese species of the genus Pygophora (excluding P. trimaculata Karl)

1. Frontal vitta black; male cerci nearly trapezoidal in dorsal view (Fig. 10d)......................... .. P. unicolor (Stein)

- Frontal vitta yellowish white or creamy yellow; male cerci not trapezoidal in dorsal view............................. 2

2. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta.........................................................................3

- Mid tibia without anterodorsal seta........................................................................4

3. Male hind tibia with apical lobe, in female first flagellomere brownish yellow apically................... P. confusa Stein

- Male hind tibia without apical lobe, in female first flagellomere creamy yellow apically............ P. immaculipennis Frey

4. Hind tibia with 5–7 anterodorsal and 4–6 posterodorsal setae................................... P. longicornis (Stein)

- Hind tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal and 2–3 posterodorsal setae................................................... 5

5. Male wing with a brown spot on the tip of R2+3 (Fig. 1c); female femora entirely creamy............................. 6

- Male wing without brown spot on the tip of R2+3; female femora black on basal 3/4–4/5.............................. 8

6. Male hind tibia with 3–4 posteroventral setae............................................... P. maculipennis Stein

- Male hind tibia with 1 posteroventral seta..................................................................7

7. Male terminalia with surstylus slender at middle in dorsal view; postgonite broad at middle in lateral view (Figs. 2b, d).......................................................................................... P. boninensis Snyder

- Male terminalia with surstylus broad at middle in dorsal view; postgonite slender at middle in lateral view (Figs. 7b, d)..................................................................................... P. macularis (Wiedemann)

8. Male abdominal tergite 5 with leaf-like setae (Fig. 1f); body size not reaching 5.0 mm............... P. lepidofera (Stein)

- Male abdominal tergite 5 without leaf-like seta; body size 5.0 mm or more...................... P. respondens (Walker)