Key to genera of Faltalini

1. Macropterous (59A,B, 93Q)........................................................................... 2

1’. Brachypterous (12A2,B 2, 94S,T) or subbrachypterous (7A1,B1, 93T,U), or rarely macropterous (males of Hecullus, 44A2,B2) or submacropterous (males of Acrolithus, 7A2,B2) and if so then dorsum without orange stripes, pygofer without processes, and connective articulated with aedeagus................................................................. 4

2(1). Ocelli distant from eyes, only slightly closer to eye than to head apex (42R); crown and pronotum completely and densely shagreen (42Q,R); anterior part of head strongly depressed, foliaceous (39B1,B 2, 42S); lateral margin of pronotum longer than greatest width of eye (39A, 42Q); ovipositor not greatly exceeding pygofer apex (40Q); first valvula dorsal sculpturing granulose (40N); Costa Rica ................................................................. Hecalocorica

2’. Ocelli close to eyes (20R); discal portion of crown smooth, shiny (20R); pronotum mostly smooth (20Q); anterior part of head not strongly depressed and foliaceous; lateral margin of pronotum much shorter than greatest width of eye (20Q); ovipositor extending very far beyond pygofer apex (16B, 20U); first valvula dorsal sculpturing maculose, dorsoventrally elongated (18N,Q)........................................................................................... 3

3(2’). Dorsum with distinct longitudinal orange stripes (17A,B); subgenital plates with numerous long macrosetae arranged across entire plate (17F); connective articulated with aedeagus; Argentina, Brazil ................................ Bonamus

3’. Dorsum without distinct longitudinal orange stripes (sometimes with more faint orange markings) (74A,B); subgenital plates with one row of macrosetae near lateral margin (74F); connective fused to aedeagus (74G,H); southern Mexico to Argentina ........................................................................................ Tenucephalus

4(1’). Female subbrachypterous (7A1,B1, 93T,U), male submacropterous (7A2,B2) or macropterous (44A2,B2); crown texture uniformly and distinctly shagreen (9Q); pronotum texture mostly shagreen (9Q).................................. 5

4’. Female and male brachypterous (12A2,B 2, 94S,T); crown texture smooth (23T,U) or at least partly rugose (14R); pronotum texture smooth, with transverse rugae, and/or with only patches of shagreen (36Q)................................ 6

5(4). Frontoclypeus inflated subapically (7B1,B2); aedeagus with pair of twice-branched apical processes, without pair of basal processes (7H,I); Venezuela .................................................................... Acrolithus

5’. Frontoclypeus not inflated subapically (44B1,B2); aedeagus without apical processes, with pair of simple basal processes (44H,I); US, Mexico ........................................................................... Hecullus

6(4’). Ocelli absent (30Q); head extremely elongate (28A1,A2,B), crown length 2.5x or more interocular width and median length 5.0x or more length next to eye; Argentina ....................................................... Dietrichana

6’. Ocelli present, although often reduced in size; head not so elongate, crown length at most 1.5x interocular width and median length 3.5x or less length next to eye.................................................................... 7

7(6’). Ocelli relatively close to eyes, 2x–3x their own diameter from eyes (36Q); body form relatively short, robust; male pygofer with distinct posterodorsal tooth (33D); Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay .................................... Faltala

7’. Ocelli more distant from eyes; body form usually more elongate; male pygofer usually without distinct posterodorsal tooth (exception: some Ackbaria spp.)....................................................................... 8

8(7’). Body narrow, length 3.5x or more than greatest width across forewings (4A1,A2); strongly dorsoventrally flattened (4B); forewing without reticulate venation (4A1,A2,B); male (4D) and female (4B) pygofers with numerous long macrosetae; Argentina, Chile .............................................................................. Ackbaria

8’. Body not so narrow, length 3.0x or less than greatest width across forewings; not so dorsoventrally flattened; forewing with reticulate venation (12A2,B2); male and female pygofers without or with few macrosetae.......................... 9

9(8’). Texture of frontoclypeus predominantly smooth, shiny (23Q,R, 55C, 57Q); Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay ...... 10

9’. Texture of frontoclypeus predominantly shagreen or rugose (13R, 51Q, 90R,T); northwestern Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru ............................................................................................. 11

10(9). Ocelli midway between eye and head apex, situated on crown posterad of anterior margin (23U); anterior margin of head thin, foliaceous (22B1,B2); male pygofer without macrosetae (25D); male pygofer without posteroventral tooth or claw (25D); eastern Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay ..................................................... Clorindaia

10’. Ocelli 1/3–2/5 distance from eye to head apex, on or near anterior margin (58A,B); anterior margin of head variable (55B, 58B); male pygofer with 4–6 moderately long macrosetae posterodorsally (58D); male pygofer with posteroventral tooth or claw (58D); Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay ....................................................... Paraclorindaia

11(9’). Crown shorter than interocular width (49A1), or nearly as long as width (females of K. junina; 50A1); anterior margin of head not subfoliaceous, crown bluntly angled to face (49B4, 50B1); aedeagus with broad base in lateral view and narrow shaft (51H1,H2) or aedeagus short, broad ( K. linnavuorii, 51H3); Chile, Peru ................................ Kramerana

11’. Crown nearly as long (87A1) or longer (12A1,A2) than interocular width; anterior margin of head subfoliaceous, crown sharply angled to face (89B); base of aedeagus narrow (87H) or moderately broad ( V. danasensis, 86H) in lateral view.... ................................................................................................. 12

12(11’). Crown nearly as long (87A1) or little longer (86A) than interocular width; texture of discal region of crown indistinct, mostly smooth (90Q); metatarsomere I plantar surface with two rows of 2–4 tapered setae (90S,U); Chile, Ecuador ..... Virganana

12’. Crown distinctly longer than interocular width (12A1,A2); texture of discal region of crown shagreen and rugose (14Q,R); metatarsomere I plantar surface outer row (=anterior, with legs extended) with 2–3 platellae and 1–2 tapered setae and inner row with 3–4 tapered setae (14S,T); Chile ...................................................... Aequcephalus